HEMODIALYSIS SYSTEMS AND METHODS

• US 20170100533A1
• Filed: 12/21/2016
• Published: 04/13/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Deka Products Limited Partnership
• Original Assignee: Deka Products Limited Partnership
• Inventors: Wilt, Michael J., Demers, Jason A., Grant, Kevin L., Tracey, Brian D., Dale, James D.
• Granted Patent: US 10,449,280 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/154 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1561 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/15625 the reservoirs acting as balance chambers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/16 with membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1601 Control or regulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1621 Constructional aspects thereof semi-permeable membranes for separation processes characterised by their properties B01D69/00; semi permeable membranes characterised by their material B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1654 Dialysates therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1694 with recirculating dialysing liquid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/267 used for pumping
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3401 Cassettes therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/341 by measuring the filtrate rate or volume
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3413 Diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3424 Substitution fluid path
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3609 Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3621 Extra-corporeal blood circuits single-needle circuits A61M1/30
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/36224 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/36225 with blood pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362261 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362263 : Details of incorporated filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362265 : Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362266 : Means for adding solutions or substances to the blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3623 : Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3638 : with a vapour trap
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3643 : Priming, rinsing before or after use
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3644 : Mode of operation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3646 : Expelling the residual body fluid after use, e.g. back to the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3649 : using dialysate as priming or rinsing liquid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/365 : through membranes, e.g. by inverted trans-membrane pressure [TMP]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3652 : using gas, e.g. air
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3672 : Means preventing coagulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/07 : having air pumping means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 : with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/123 : with incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/125 : with incorporated filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/128 : with incorporated valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/15 : Detection of leaks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/16 : with back-up system in case of failure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3317 : Electromagnetic, inductive or dielectric measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3324 : PH measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3331 : Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 : Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3368 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/36 : related to heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/505 : Touch-screens; Virtual keyboard or keypads; Virtual buttons; Soft keys; Mouse touches
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/82 : Internal energy supply devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8218 : Gas operated
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8225 : using incorporated gas cartridges for the driving gas
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/87893 : With fluid actuator

Abstract

Disclosed are hemodialysis and similar dialysis systems including fluid flow circuits. Hemodialysis systems may include a blood flow path, and a dialysate flow path including balancing, mixing, and/or a directing circuits. Preparation of dialysate may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit and/or the various fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply may be provided that, when activated, is able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and blood back to the patient. Such a system may be useful during a power failure. The hemodialysis system may also include fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, mixers, etc., actuated using a control fluid. The control fluid may be delivered to the fluid handling devices using a detachable external pump. The fluid handling devices may have a spheroid shape with a diaphragm dividing it into two compartments.

Claims

1-81. -81. (canceled)

82. A hemodialysis system, comprising:

a blood flow path through which blood is drawn from a patient and passed through a dialyzer;

the blood flow path comprising a pump cassette that includes at least one pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based blood pump for pumping blood;

the pump cassette including a pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based medication pump for pumping medication into the blood flow path;

the medication pump being in valved connection with an air vent on the pump cassette; and

a controller for controlling pneumatic actuation pressure delivered to the blood pump, medication pump and one or more diaphragm-based valves that connect the blood pump, medication pump and air vent to the blood flow path;

wherein the hemodialysis system is configured to actuate the blood pump or medication pump, and the one or more valves to introduce air into the blood flow path and expel liquid from the blood flow path to a drain.

83. The hemodialysis system of claim 82, wherein the at least one blood pump comprises a first and a second blood pump, and wherein the hemodialysis system is configured to actuate the first blood pump to pump air through a venous line and a dialyzer of the blood flow path to drain, and to actuate the second blood pump to pump air through an arterial line of the blood flow path to drain.

84. The hemodialysis system of claim 82, wherein the medication pump is an anticoagulant pump.

85. The hemodialysis system of claim 82, wherein the medication pump is connected to three fluid valves, the first fluid valve connected to a first flowpath in the pump cassette for connection to a medication vial, the second fluid valve connected a second flowpath in the pump cassette to the air vent, and the third fluid valve connected to a third flowpath in the pump cassette for connection to the blood flow path.

86. The hemodialysis system of claim 85, wherein the medication pump is configured to pump medication from a medication vial to the blood flow path, and to pump air from the air vent to the medication vial.

87. A hemodialysis system comprising:

a dialysate flow path through which dialysate is passed from a dialysate reservoir to an ultrafilter;

the dialysate flow path comprising a pneumatically actuated diaphragm-based dialysate pump for pumping fluid from the dialysate reservoir to the ultrafilter;

the dialysate reservoir including a valved vent to atmosphere; and

a controller for controlling pneumatic actuation pressure delivered to the dialysate pump and at least one valve connecting the dialysate reservoir vent to the atmosphere;

wherein the hemodialysis system is configured to actuate the dialysate pump and the at least one valve to introduce air into the dialysate flow path and expel liquid from the dialysate flow path to a drain.

88. The hemodialysis system of claim 87, wherein the dialysate pump comprises a pneumatic actuation chamber separated from a pumping chamber by a flexible diaphragm, the pneumatic actuation chamber in communication with a pressure sensor, and wherein pressure data from the pressure sensor is monitored by the controller while air is pumped by the dialysate pump from the dialysate reservoir to the ultrafilter.

89. The hemodialysis system of claim 88, wherein the controller is configured to detect a defect in the ultrafilter if the air being pumped by the dialysate pump exceeds a pre-determined value.