Method of carrying out a chemical reaction with the use of a catalyst

• US 20170106353A1
• Filed: 03/17/2015
• Published: 04/20/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/19/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Instytut Elektrotechniki
• Original Assignee: Instytut Elektrotechniki
• Inventors: Lipiec, Wojciech, Orlowski, Edward, Malinowski, Marek, Chmielowiec, Jacek, Pasciak, Grzegorz
• Granted Patent: US 10,058,848 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/12 employing electromagnetic waves
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 23/745 Iron
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/33 Electric or magnetic properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/393 Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/00 Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 Nanosized particles
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/17 Metallic particles coated with metal
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/066 with fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/068 Ammonia synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/1047 Group VIII metal catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/025 Preparation or purification of gas mixtures for ammonia synthesis
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 32/50 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01C 1/026 Preparation of ammonia from inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C01C 1/12 Separation of ammonia from gases and vapours as part of the ammonia synthesis process C01C1/04
• CPC Class Codes: C08B 31/18 Oxidised starch
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1095 Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9041 Metals or alloys H01M4/92 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

An exemplary embodiment provides for a method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst, in particular ferromagnetic catalyst. The method is characterized in that while conducting a chemical reaction, particles of the catalyst comprising a ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic field induction greater than 0.01 mT. Oscillating magnetic field here is a field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time. Putting catalyst particles into oscillation increases the efficiency of the chemical reaction by several dozen to several hundred percent.

Claims

1-8. -8. (canceled)

9. A method comprising

a) conducting a chemical reaction including:

reactants,

a catalyst,

wherein the catalyst is in a powdered form,

wherein the catalyst contains ferromagnetic material,

b) concurrently with at least a portion of (a), setting a pressure of the chemical reaction at a given value and setting a temperature of the chemical reaction at a given value,

wherein the reaction occurs at a the set temperature and pressure

c) during at least a portion of (a) applying an external magnetic field to the chemical reactants and catalyst undergoing the chemical reaction,

wherein the external magnetic field is an oscillating magnetic field,

wherein the oscillating magnetic field has an induction vector, wherein the induction vector changes its direction with time, and

d) obtaining a reaction product.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the catalyst powdered form has particles which have a particle size, wherein the particle size is nanometric.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the catalyst powdered form has particles which have a particle size, wherein the particle size is micrometric.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the catalyst powdered form has particles which have a particle size, wherein the particle size is macrometric.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein in (a), the particles form multi-layered nanowires, wherein at least one of the layers has ferromagnetic properties and are put into oscillation.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein in (a), the particles form multi-layered nanowires, wherein at least one of the layers has ferromagnetic properties and are put into oscillation.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein in (a) the particles form multi-layered nanowires, wherein at least one of the layers has ferromagnetic properties and are put into oscillation.

16. The method of claim 9, wherein in (d) the powder catalyst is put into oscillation by the oscillating external magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic field induction greater than 0.01 mT.

17. The method of claim 9, and further comprising,

e) removing the catalyst by separation from the reaction product.

18. The method of claim 9, wherein the catalyst of (a), is made up of at least one material, wherein at least one material is ferromagnetic and placed into oscillation.

19. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the chemical reaction occurs in a fuel cell,

wherein the fuel cell is of a polymer type,

wherein, within the fuel cell is a polymer electrolyte and an electrode surface portion,

wherein, within the fuel cell, the catalyst is located on the surface of the electrode,

wherein the catalyst is on the surface of the electrode at a concentration of 5 mg/cm²,

and wherein in (c), the magnetic field has an induction of 10 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.

20. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the chemical reaction comprises an ammonia synthesis,

wherein the reactants include reaction gas,

wherein reaction gas comprise a stoichiometric composition of 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen, molar percent,

wherein the reaction gas is exposed to a reaction chamber,

wherein the reaction chamber is set and maintained to a temperature of 400°

C. and pressure of 10 MPa,

wherein the catalyst comprises ferromagnetic iron powder,

and wherein in (c), the magnetic field has an induction of 10 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.

21. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the chemical reaction comprises an oxidation to form aldehyde groups,

wherein the reactants include a 42% aqueous suspension of potato starch and 30% hydrogen peroxide solution,

wherein the potato starch is introduced into a reaction chamber,

wherein the reaction chamber is set to a temperature of 40°

C. and atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes, during which time the catalyst is added,

wherein the catalyst is in the form of ferromagnetic iron nanoparticles,

subsequent to setting the reaction chamber with a temperature and pressure, the hydrogen peroxide solution is added drop wise to the reaction mixture so that the final concentration was 2 g/100 g in starch dry matter, subsequent to the addition of hydrogen peroxide solution, the reactants are thermostated at 40°

C. for an additional 60 minutes and at this time,

and wherein in (d), the magnetic field has an induction of 500 mT and frequency of 2 Hz.

22. The method of claim 9, wherein in (a) the chemical reaction comprises an oxidation of CO to CO2,

wherein the reactants comprise 1% CO and 99% air, molar percent and are introduced into a reaction chamber,

wherein the reaction chamber is set and maintained to a temperature of 20°

C. and pressure of 0.1 MPa,

wherein the catalyst comprises iron particles coated with platinum,

wherein the catalyst is added to the reaction chamber

and wherein in (c), the magnetic field has an induction of 10 mT and frequency of 333 Hz.

23. The method of claim 9, where in (a) the catalyst powdered form contains particles, wherein the particles are coated with catalyst.

24. A method comprising:

a) combining

at least one reactant, and

a powdered catalyst containing ferromagnetic material

b) reacting the at least one reactant and catalyst at a set temperature and set pressure,

c) during the at least one portion of (b) applying an oscillating magnetic field to the at least one reactant and catalyst.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein in (a) the powdered catalyst has particles which have a particle size, wherein the particle size is nanometric.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein in (a), the particles form multi-layered nanowires, wherein at least one of the layers has ferromagnetic properties and are put into oscillation.

27. A method comprising:

a) combining materials including at least one reactant and a catalyst wherein the catalyst includes ferromagnetic material, and

b) applying an oscillating magnetic field to the materials of (a) while the materials undergo a reaction.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein in (a) catalyst has particles which have a particle size, wherein the particle size is nanometric and the particles of the catalyst form multi-layered nanowires, wherein at least one of the layers has ferromagnetic properties and are put into oscillation.