NON-LINEAR TRANSMIT BIASING FOR A SERIAL BUS TRANSMITTER

• US 20170153996A1
• Filed: 11/30/2015
• Published: 06/01/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Allegro Microsystems Incorporated (Sanken Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Allegro Microsystems Incorporated (Sanken Electric Company Limited)
• Inventors: Ross, Thomas, Togneri, Aldo, McIntosh, James, Allegrini, Gianluca
• Granted Patent: US 9,928,194 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/364 using independent requests or grants, e.g. using separated request and grant lines
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/404 with address mapping
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4282 on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus on daisy chain buses G06F13/4247
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 19/018521 of complementary type, e.g. CMOS
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 5/08 by limiting; by thresholding; by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding H03K5/07 takes precedence; comparing one pulse with another H03K5/22; providing a determined threshold for switching H03K17/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40032 Details regarding a bus interface enhancer
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/40234 Local Interconnect Network LIN

Abstract

Described embodiments provide a transmitter for transmitting data over a serial bus coupled to the transmitter. The transmitter includes a controller to generate data for transmission by the transmitter. A transmit driver is coupled to the controller. The transmit driver, in response to the generated data for transmission, generates logic transitions on the serial bus. The transmit driver generates low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus by charging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a predetermined initial bias level for a first time period, and (ii) a first predetermined maximum bias level for a second time period. The transmit driver generates high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus by discharging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a pre-charged level of the transmit driver, and (ii) a second predetermined maximum bias level for a third time period.

Claims

1. A transmitter comprising:

a controller configured to generate data for transmission by the transmitter over a serial bus coupled to the transmitter; and

a transmit driver coupled to the controller, the transmit driver configured to, in response to the generated data for transmission;

generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus by charging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a predetermined initial bias level for a first time period, and (ii) a first predetermined maximum bias level for a second time period; and

generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus by discharging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a pre-charged level of the transmit driver, and (ii) a second predetermined maximum bias level for a third time period.

2. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the transmit driver comprises:

an output transistor having an output node coupled to the serial bus, the output transistor configured to;

generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus wherein the controller is configured to (i) set a bias level of the output transistor to a predetermined initial bias level by a first bias current, and (ii) linearly change the bias level from the predetermined initial bias level to a second bias level by a predetermined second bias current, whereby the output transistor is configured to non-linearly charge the output node;

generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus wherein the controller is configured to (i) pre-charge the bias level of the output transistor to a pre-charge bias level by a pre-charge bias current, and (ii) linearly change the bias level from the pre-charge bias level to a fourth bias level, whereby the output transistor is configured to non-linearly discharge the output node.

3. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the output transistor comprises a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).

4. The transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the output transistor comprises an N-channel MOSFET;

wherein the N-channel MOSFET is configured to generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) set the bias level of a gate of the output transistor to the predetermined initial bias level, and (ii) linearly discharge the gate from the predetermined initial bias level to the second bias level, wherein the second bias level is a minimum bias threshold of the MOSFET;

wherein the N-channel MOSFET is configured to generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) pre-charge the gate of the output transistor to the pre-charge bias level by a pre-charge bias current, and (ii) linearly charge the gate from the pre-charge bias level to the fourth bias level, wherein the fourth bias level is a maximum bias threshold of the MOSFET; and

wherein the output node is non-linearly charged and discharged by changing a drain-to-source current through the MOSFET according to a squared value of the bias level.

5. The transmitter of claim 3, wherein:

the output transistor comprises a P-channel MOSFET;

wherein the P-channel MOSFET is configured to generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) pre-charge a gate of the output transistor to a pre-charge bias level by a pre-charge bias current, and (ii) linearly charge the gate from the pre-charge bias level to a maximum bias threshold of the MOSFET;

wherein the P-channel MOSFET is configured to generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) set the gate of the output transistor to a predetermined initial bias level, and (ii) linearly discharge the gate from the predetermined initial bias level to a minimum bias threshold of the MOSFET; and

wherein the output node is non-linearly charged and discharged by changing a drain-to-source current through the MOSFET according to a squared value of the bias level.

6. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the output transistor comprises a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).

7. The transmitter of claim 6, wherein:

the output transistor comprises an NPN doped BJT;

wherein the NPN BJT is configured to generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) set a bias level of a base of the output transistor to a predetermined initial bias level, and (ii) linearly discharge the base from the predetermined initial bias level to the second bias level, wherein the second bias level is a minimum bias threshold of the BJT;

the NPN BJT configured to generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) pre-charge the base to the pre-charge bias level, and (ii) linearly charge the base from the pre-charge bias level to the fourth bias level, wherein the fourth bias level is a maximum bias threshold of the BJT; and

wherein the output node is non-linearly charged and discharged by changing a collector-to-emitter current through the NPN BJT proportionally to an exponential of the bias level.

8. The transmitter of claim 6, wherein:

the output transistor comprises a PNP doped BJT;

wherein the PNP BJT is configured to generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) pre-charge a base of the output transistor to a pre-charge bias level by a pre-charge bias current, and (ii) linearly charge the base from the pre-charge bias level to a maximum bias threshold of the BJT;

wherein the PNP BJT is configured to generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus when the controller is configured to (i) set the base of the output transistor to a predetermined initial bias level, and (ii) linearly discharge the base from the predetermined initial bias level to a minimum bias threshold of the BJT; and

wherein the output node is non-linearly charged and discharged by changing a collector-to-emitter current through the PNP BJT proportionally to an exponential of the bias level.

9. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to linearly change the bias level from the predetermined initial bias level to the second bias level in a first predetermined time duration.

10. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to linearly change the bias level from the pre-charge bias level to the fourth bias level in a second predetermined time duration.

11. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to calibrate the transmitter.

12. The transmitter of claim 11, wherein, for the calibration, the controller is configured to:

estimate one or more parasitic components of the serial bus; and

set at least one of the predetermined initial bias level, the second bias level, the pre-charge bias level, the maximum bias level, the minimum bias level, the first predetermined time duration, and the second predetermined time duration based, at least in part, on the estimated one or more parasitic components of the serial bus.

13. The transmitter of claim 2, wherein the transmit driver further comprises:

an amplifier configured to (i) buffer a control signal from the processor to the output transistor and (ii) generate an amplified bias signal, based on the control signal, to the output transistor.

14. The transmitter of claim 13, wherein the transmit driver further comprises:

at least one current mirror circuit configured to drive the output transistor based on at least one of the control signal and the amplified bias signal.

15. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is configured to operate open loop.

16. The transmitter of claim 1, wherein the serial bus is a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus.

17. A system comprising:

a plurality of devices coupled to a serial bus, each of the plurality of devices comprising;

a controller configured to generate data for transmission by a transmitter of the device over the serial bus; and

a transmit driver coupled to the controller, the transmit driver configured to, in response to the generated data for transmission;

generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus by charging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a predetermined initial bias level for a first time period, and (ii) a first predetermined maximum bias level for a second time period;

generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus by discharging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a pre-charged level of the transmit driver, and (ii) a second predetermined maximum bias level for a third time period.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmit driver comprises:

an output transistor having an output node coupled to the serial bus, the output transistor configured to;

generate low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus wherein the controller is configured to (i) set a bias level of the output transistor to a predetermined initial bias level by a first bias current, and (ii) linearly change the bias level from the predetermined initial bias level to a second bias level by a predetermined second bias current, whereby the output transistor is configured to non-linearly charge the output node;

generate high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus wherein the controller is configured to (i) pre-charge the bias level of the output transistor to a pre-charge bias level by a pre-charge bias current, and (ii) linearly change the bias level from the pre-charge bias level to a fourth bias level, whereby the output transistor is configured to non-linearly discharge the output node.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the output transistor comprises one of:

a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).

20. The system of claim 17, wherein the plurality of devices comprise at least one of:

a motor control, a magnetic field sensor, a gear shift sensor, a speed sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, an automotive lighting control, an automotive seat position control, a transmission sensor, a wheel speed sensor, a crankshaft sensor, and a camshaft sensor.

21. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller is configured to

estimate one or more parasitic components of the serial bus;

and

set at least one of the predetermined initial bias level, the second bias level, the pre-charge bias level, the maximum bias level, the minimum bias level, the first predetermined time duration, and the second predetermined time duration based, at least in part, on the estimated one or more parasitic components of the serial bus.

22. The system of claim 18, wherein the transmit driver further comprises:

an amplifier configured to (i) buffer a control signal from the processor to the output transistor and (ii) generate an amplified bias signal, based on the control signal, to the output transistor.

23. The system of claim 18, wherein the transmit driver further comprises:

at least one current mirror circuit configured to drive the output transistor based on at least one of the control signal and the amplified bias signal.

24. The system of claim 17, wherein the transmitter is configured to operate open loop.

25. The system of claim 17, wherein the serial bus is a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus.

26. A method of operating a transmitter coupled to a serial bus, the method comprising:

determining, by a controller of the transmitter, whether one or more data bits are to be transmitted over the serial bus and, if so, for each data bit to be transmitted;

generating, by a transmit driver of the transmitter, a low-to-high logic transition on the serial bus by charging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a predetermined initial bias level for a first time period, and (ii) a first predetermined maximum bias level for a second time period; and

generating, by the transmit driver, a high-to-low logic transition on the serial bus by discharging the serial bus by a bus current based on (i) a pre-charged level of the transmit driver, and (ii) a second predetermined maximum bias level for a third time period.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the transmit driver comprises an output transistor having an output node coupled to the serial bus, the method further comprising:

generating low-to-high logic transitions on the serial bus by (i) setting a bias level of the output transistor to a predetermined initial bias level by a first bias current, and (ii) linearly changing the bias level from the predetermined initial bias level to a second bias level by a predetermined second bias current, whereby the output transistor non-linearly charges the output node;

generating high-to-low logic transitions on the serial bus by (i) pre-charging the bias level of the output transistor to a pre-charge bias level by a pre-charge bias current, and (ii) linearly changing the bias level from the pre-charge bias level to a fourth bias level, whereby the output transistor non-linearly discharges the output node.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the output transistor comprises one of:

a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) and a bipolar junction transistor (BJT).

29. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

estimating, by the controller, one or more parasitic components of the serial bus; and

setting, by the controller, at least one of the predetermined initial bias level, the second bias level, the pre-charge bias level, the maximum bias level, the minimum bias level, the first predetermined time duration, and the second predetermined time duration based, at least in part, on the estimated one or more parasitic components of the serial bus.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the transmit driver further comprises an amplifier, the method further comprising:

buffering, by the amplifier, a control signal from the processor to the output transistor; and

generating, by the amplifier, an amplified bias signal, based on the control signal, to the output transistor.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein the transmit driver further comprises at least one current mirror circuit, the method further comprising:

driving, by the at least one current mirror circuit, the output transistor based on at least one of the control signal and the amplified bias signal.

32. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

operating the transmitter open loop.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein the serial bus is a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus.