CONTROL OF SEMI-AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

• US 20170185082A1
• Filed: 01/03/2017
• Published: 06/29/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 06/11/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Jeffrey A. Matos
• Original Assignee: Jeffrey A. Matos
• Inventors: MATOS, JEFFREY A.
• Granted Patent: US 10,410,747 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0836 Measuring rate of CO2 production
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1171 based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14542 for measuring blood gases A61B5/14551 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/18 for vehicle drivers or machine operators
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/318 Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/686 Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips A61B5/6861 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3553 remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3592 using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/52 with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/201 Glucose concentration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1723 using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure measurement of body parameters A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3621 for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37217 characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37235 Aspects of the external programmer
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37247 User interfaces, e.g. input or presentation means
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37252 Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37258 Alerting the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37264 Changing the program; Upgrading firmware
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 : characterised by the modulation technique
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37282 : characterised by communication with experts in remote locations using a network
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37288 : Communication to several implantable medical devices within one patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3906 : characterised by the form of the shockwave
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 : Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3962 : in combination with another heart therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/39622 : Pacing therapy
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2040/0818 : Inactivity or incapacity of driver
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2040/0872 : Driver physiology
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 40/09 : Driving style or behaviour
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/30 : relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercising
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/40 : relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 : for local operation
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/67 : for remote operation
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/20 : for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/30 : for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/70 : for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/40 : Circuits

Abstract

Semi-autonomous vehicle apparatus which is controlled by a plurality of control sources includes a vehicle which may function autonomously and apparatus for control of the vehicle by either an onboard driver or a driver not situated onboard. The vehicle may also be controlled by an off-vehicle computational device. Hierarchy setting apparatus determines which of the possible control entities take priority. Persons using the apparatus are identified by either a password or, preferably by providing identification based on a biologic feature. Management of impaired vehicle operators is provided for.

Claims

1. Apparatus comprising a semi-autonomous vehicle (SAV) which is controlled by one of a plurality of control sources, said apparatus, in combination:

(a) a first transmitting/receiving (T/R) device for transmitting at least one signal representing SAV information to, and for receiving an additional vehicle control signal from, at least one additional control station; and

for receiving a hierarchy setting signal from at least one command station;

(b) a vehicle management device for controlling said SAV in response to a management device signal applied thereto;

(c) a first sensor circuit, having a first sensor circuit input for inputting SAV information representing a state of said SAV, and having a first sensor circuit output, for producing at least one first sensor circuit output signal in response to said inputted SAV information; and

a first processor, coupled to each of said first sensor circuit output, said first T/R device, and said vehicle management device,

for

(1) generating at least one first SAV information signal representing said inputted SAV information;

(2) analyzing said at least one first sensor circuit output signal, and, based on the analysis, generating an internal vehicle control signal;

(3) receiving said hierarchy setting signal; and

(4) generating said management device signal based on the information represented by (A) said hierarchy setting signal, and (B) a selected one of said internal and received additional vehicle control signals;

wherein in response to said hierarchy setting signal said first processor is operative to assign a unique priority level to each of said internal and additional vehicle control signals, wherein the values of said assigned priority levels indicate a control hierarchy among all such vehicle control signals and among the respective control signal sources; and

wherein a vehicle management device signal represented by a control signal assigned a given priority level overrides a management device signal represented by a control signal assigned a lower priority level;

wherein based on said assignment, said first processor is operative to generate said management device signal in response to the control signal with the highest assigned priority level from among said internal and received additional vehicle control signals;

whereby the analysis of the SAV information by the highest priority control source determines the performance of said SAV.

2. The apparatus defined in claim 1, further comprising at least one additional control station, each comprising, in combination:

a (P+1)th transmitting/receiving (T/R) device for communication with said first T/R device of said SAV; and

a (P+1)th processor, coupled to said (P+1)th T/R device, for producing at least one additional control signal for controlling said SAV;

wherein P is an integer with a value of at least the number one, and at most the number of said additional control stations.

3. The apparatus defined in claim 1, further comprising at least one command station, each comprising, in combination:

a command station transmitting device for communication with said first T/R device of said SAV; and

a command station processor, coupled to said command station transmitting device,

for producing at least one hierarchy setting signal for setting at least one hierarchy among said internal and additional vehicle control signals.

4. The apparatus defined in claim 3, wherein at least one of said command stations further comprises a command station receiving device, coupled to said respective command station processor, for receiving SAV information transmitted by said first T/R device of said SAV;

wherein said command station processor produces said hierarchy setting signal based on said received SAV information.

5. The apparatus defined in claim 3, wherein at least one of said command stations further comprises:

(1) a command station receiving device, coupled to said respective command station processor, for receiving SAV information transmitted by said first T/R device of said SAV;

(2) a display device, coupled to said command station processor, for producing a display representing said received SAV information; and

(3) an input device, coupled to said command station processor, for inputting a hierarchy setting command;

whereby a human traffic professional person observing a representation of SAV information displayed by said display device inputs a hierarchy setting command based on said displayed information.

6. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said first processor is operative to irreversibly assign at least one of said priority levels indicating said control hierarchy;

wherein following said irreversible assignment, said first processor is not operative to alter said irreversibly assigned priority level in response to a received hierarchy setting signal;

whereby said priority level is assigned on a once-only basis.

7. The apparatus defined in claim 5 wherein said input device is operative to input a password prior to inputting of said at least one hierarchy setting command, for transmission by said command station transmitting device to said first processor, wherein said first processor is operative to store information representing at least one password;

and wherein said first processor is operative to assign said priority levels indicating said control hierarchy only if said received password matches the stored password;

whereby access to setting the control hierarchy is restricted to a password-identified person.

8. The apparatus defined in claim 5, wherein said input device is operative to input information representing a biologic identifier of a person inputting a hierarchy setting command, for transmission by said command station transmitting device to said first processor, wherein said first processor is operative to store information representing at least one biologic identifier of a person allowed to input a hierarchy setting command;

wherein said first processor is operative to assign said priority levels indicating said inputted control hierarchy only if said received biologic identifier information matches the stored biologic identifier information of said person allowed to input a hierarchy setting command.

9. The apparatus defined in claim 8, wherein said biologic identifier is selected from the group consisting of:

an image of a fingerprint pattern, an image of a face, an image of a retina, an image of an iris of an eye, an image of blood vessels of a body part, a voiceprint, and a sample of DNA.

10. The apparatus defined in claim 2, wherein one of said at least one additional control stations further comprises at least one first driver input device, coupled to the respective processor of said control station, for inputting a vehicle management control command by a human driver of said SAV;

and wherein said inputted command causes said processor to produce a respective additional vehicle control signal which indicates the management choice of said human driver;

whereby a human driver is a source of at least one additional vehicle control signal for said SAV.

11. The apparatus defined in claim 10, wherein said one additional control station further comprises a display device, coupled to said respective control station processor, for displaying SAV information to said driver;

and wherein the T/R device of said one additional control station is operative to receive at least one SAV information signal;

whereby a representation of said SAV information is displayed for consideration by said driver, for selecting said management choice.

12. The apparatus defined in claim 10, wherein

(a) said one additional control station further comprises a second sensor circuit, coupled to its respective processor, said second sensor circuit having

(1) a second sensor circuit input for inputting information pertaining to a physiologic state of said driver, and

(2) a second sensor circuit output, for producing at least one second sensor circuit output signal representing said physiologic state;

(b) said processor of said one additional control station is operative to cause said respective T/R device to transmit a physiologic signal representing said physiologic state;

(c) said first T/R device is operative to receive said physiologic signal; and

(d) said first processor is further operative to alter the priority assigned to additional vehicle control signals received from said one addition control station based on said received physiologic signal;

whereby said first processor is operative to limit the control access of a human SAV driver with physiologic limitations.

13. The apparatus defined in claim 12, further comprising a command station comprising, in combination:

a command station transmitting device for communication with said first T/R device of said SAV;

a command station receiving device, operative to receive said physiologic signal;

a command station processor, coupled to said command station transmitting device and to said command station receiving device, operative to produce at least one hierarchy setting signal for setting at least one hierarchy among said internal and additional vehicle control signals; and

wherein said command station processor is further operative to determine the priority assigned to additional vehicle control signals received from said one addition control station based on said received physiologic signal;

whereby said command station is operative to limit the control access of a human SAV driver with physiologic limitations.

14. The apparatus defined in claim 12, wherein said second sensor circuit is adapted to provide information selected from the group consisting of:

(a) driver eyelid position information,

(b) driver body attitude information,

(c) driver respiratory information,

(d) driver heart rate,

(e) driver oximetry information,

(f) driver breath analysis information,

(g) driver pupillary responses,

(h) driver skin resistance information,

(i) driver speech quality information,

(j) driver steering information,

(k) driver response to audio questions,

(l) driver response to text questions, and

(m) driver response to video questions.

15. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said SAV is a member of the group consisting of:

(a) a semi-autonomous automobile;

(b) a semi-autonomous truck;

(c) a semi-autonomous rail vehicle;

(d) a semi-autonomous ship;

(e) a semi-autonomous submarine;

(f) a semi-autonomous tank;

(g) a semi-autonomous aircraft; and

(h) a semi-autonomous space vehicle.

16. The apparatus defined in claim 2, wherein said additional control station is located onboard said SAV.

17. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein said additional control station is situated at a location not onboard said SAV.

18. The apparatus defined in claim 2, wherein one additional control station further comprises a database, coupled to the processor of said one external control station, for storing information selected from the group:

(a) information pertaining to a particular driver,

(b) information pertaining to the SAV,

(c) information pertaining to the prior use of the SAV by said particular driver,

(d) information pertaining to the prior use of other SAVs by said particular driver,

(e) information pertaining to the prior use of said SAV by another driver,

(f) information pertaining to the prior use of a substantially similar SAV by other drivers,

(g) information pertaining to the performance of the SAV under certain weather conditions, and

(h) information pertaining to collision results of said SAV with another particular SAV;

and wherein the processor of said one additional control station is further operative to

(1) select a management based on analysis of at least a portion of said information stored in said database, and based on said SAV information signal; and

(2) produce a respective additional vehicle control signal which represents a management selection based on said analysis, for transmission to said first processor.

19. The apparatus defined in claim 2, wherein one additional control station further comprises a database, coupled to the processor of said one external control station, for storing information selected from the group:

(a) information pertaining to at least one vehicle adjacent to said SAV;

(b) information pertaining to at least one vehicle in front of said SAV,

(c) information pertaining to at least one vehicle behind said SAV,

(d) information pertaining to at least one vehicle in the vicinity of said SAV,

(e) information pertaining to other moving vehicles not in the vicinity of said SAV,

(f) information pertaining to at least one driver of a vehicle in the vicinity of said SAV,

(g) information pertaining to a traffic condition in the vicinity of said SAV,

(h) weather information pertaining to the vicinity of said SAV, and

(i) road conditions in the vicinity of said SAV.

and wherein the processor of said one additional control station is further operative to

(1) select a management based on analysis of at least a portion of said information stored in said database, and based on said SAV information signal; and

(2) produce a respective additional vehicle control signal which represents a management selection based on said analysis, for transmission to said first processor.

20. The apparatus defined in claim 2, wherein

(a) one additional control station further comprises a database, coupled to the processor of said one external control station, for storing information which identifies said particular additional control station;

(b) the processor of said one additional control station is further operative to provide said identification information for transmission by said respective T/R device to said first T/R device

(c) said first processor is operative to store information representing identification of additional control stations permitted to provide vehicle control signals; and

(d) said first processor is operative to utilize the management information provided by an additional vehicle control signal only if accompanied by identification information of an additional control station which matches the identification information of said permitted control station.

21. The apparatus defined in claim 2, wherein said processor of said one additional control station is further operative to provide a control hierarchy, and to cause the T/R device of said one additional control station to transmit information representing said hierarchy to said SAV;

thereby to provide both vehicle control and hierarchy setting function by one station.

22. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said inputted SAV information is selected from the group consisting of:

(a) vehicle location information,

(b) vehicle velocity information,

(c) vehicle acceleration information,

(d) vehicle deceleration information,

(e) vehicle attitude information,

(f) vehicle rotational information,

(g) vehicle GPS coordinates,

(h) vehicle fuel reserve information,

(i) vehicle battery information,

(j) vehicle oil pressure information,

(k) vehicle oil temperature information,

(l) vehicle engine temperature information,

(m) vehicle tire pressure information,

(n) vehicle weight information,

(o) vehicle internal pressure,

(p) vehicle outside pressure,

(q) vehicle vibration information,

(r) vehicle rate of ascent,

(s) vehicle rate of descent,

(t) vehicle coolant characteristics,

(u) vehicle brake fluid characteristics,

(v) vehicle transmission fluid characteristics,

(w) vehicle communication system characteristics,

(x) vehicle windshield characteristics,

(y) vehicle camera characteristics,

(z) vehicle radar information, and

(aa) vehicle sonar information.

23. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein said first processor is further operative to:

(a) distinguish among each one of plurality of SAV conditions based on said analysis of said at least one first sensor circuit output signal, and for each of said conditions, generate an internal vehicle control signal;

(b) receive a plurality of hierarchy setting signals, each such signal representing a hierarchy among the internal and additional control signals for one of said conditions;

(c) assign a unique priority level to each of said internal and additional control signals for each of said conditions, wherein the values of said assigned priority levels indicate a control hierarchy among all such control signals for each of said conditions; and

(d) based on said assignments, to generate said management signals in response to the respective control signal with the highest assigned priority level from among said respective internal and received additional control signals, for each of said conditions;

whereby non-identical hierarchies apply to the management of different SAV conditions.

24. Apparatus comprising a semi-autonomous vehicle (SAV) which is alternatively internally controlled and controlled by at least one additional control source, said SAV comprising, in combination:

(a) a first transmitting/receiving (T/R) device for transmitting at least one signal representing a state of a SAV to, and for receiving a first additional vehicle control signal from a first additional control source;

(b) a vehicle management device for controlling said vehicle in response to vehicle management signals applied thereto;

(c) a first sensor circuit, having a first sensor circuit input for inputting SAV information representing a state of said SAV, and having a first sensor circuit output, for producing at least one first sensor circuit output signal in response to said inputted SAV information; and

(d) a first processor, coupled to each of

(1) said first sensor circuit output,

(2) said first T/R device, and

(3) said vehicle management device,

for

(A) generating at least one first SAV information signal representing said inputted SAV information;

(B) analyzing said at least one first sensor circuit output signal, and, based on the analysis, generating an internal vehicle control signal;

(C) generating at least one vehicle management signal; and

(D) selecting one of at least three operating states in response to a received state control signal;

wherein;

(i) in a first operating state, a vehicle management choice indicated by said internal vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over a vehicle management choice indicated by said first additional vehicle control signal, if any;

(ii) in a second operating state, the a vehicle management choice indicated by said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over a vehicle management choice indicated by said internal vehicle control signal, if any;

(iii) in a third operating state, both (I) a vehicle management choice indicated by said first additional vehicle control signal and (II) a vehicle management choice indicated by said internal vehicle control signal determine the treatment;

whereby said first processor selects the source of control of said SAV from among;

(i) said internal vehicle control signal only;

(ii) said first additional vehicle control signal only; and

(iii) both of (I) said internal vehicle control signal and (II) said first addition vehicle control signal.

25. The apparatus defined in claim 24, further comprising a command station for setting the operating state of said SAV, said command station including:

(a) a command input device, for inputting a state setting command and for producing a command signal;

(b) a second processor, coupled to said command input device, for generating a state control signal in response to said command signal;

(c) a command transmitting device, coupled to said second processor, for transmitting said state control signal to said first T/R device;

wherein said first T/R device is further operative to receive said state control signal;

thereby to set the operating state of said SAV.

26. The apparatus defined in claim 24, further comprising a first additional control station for controlling said SAV, said first additional control station including:

(a) a third processor;

(b) a display device, coupled to said third processor, for displaying a representation of said SAV information;

(c) an input device, coupled to said third processor, for producing a first additional control signal in response to an inputted vehicle management choice, for inputting commands from a person selected from the group consisting of;

(i) a human driver of said SAV, and (ii) a traffic professional;

(d) a second T/R device, coupled to said third processor, for receiving said SAV information signal, and for transmitting said first additional control signal to said SAV.

27. The apparatus defined in claim 24, further comprising a second additional control station for controlling said SAV, said second additional control station including:

(a) a fourth processor for producing a second additional control signal in response to analysis by said fourth processor of said SAV information; and

(b) a third T/R device, coupled to said fourth processor, for receiving said first SAV information signal, and for transmitting said second additional control signal.

28. Apparatus comprising a semi-autonomous vehicle (SAV) which is alternatively internally controlled and controlled by at least one additional control source, said SAV comprising, in combination:

(a) a first transmitting/receiving (T/R) device for transmitting a signal representing a state of a SAV to, and for receiving an additional vehicle control signal and a state control signal;

(b) a vehicle management device for controlling said SAV in response to vehicle management signals applied thereto;

(c) a first sensor circuit, having a first sensor circuit input for inputting SAV information representing a state of said SAV; and

having a first sensor circuit output, for producing at least one first sensor circuit output signal in response to said inputted SAV information; and

(d) a first processor, coupled to each of

(1) said first sensor circuit output,

(2) said first T/R device, and

(3) said vehicle management device,

for

(A) generating at least one SAV information signal representing said inputted SAV information;

(B) analyzing said at least one first sensor circuit output signal, and, based on the analysis, generating an internal vehicle control signal;

(C) generating at least one vehicle management signal; and

(D) selecting one of four operating states, in response to receipt of said state control signal;

wherein;

(i) in a first operating state, said vehicle management device signals are produced only in response to said internal vehicle control signal;

(ii) in a second operating state, said vehicle management device control signals are produced only in response to said additional vehicle control signal;

(iii) in a third operating state, said internal vehicle control signal, if any, controls said vehicle management device, unless an additional vehicle control signal is received; and

if said additional vehicle control signal is received, it takes priority over said internal vehicle control signal for determining the choice of vehicle management, if any, administered by said vehicle management device;

(iv) in a fourth operating state, said additional vehicle control signal, if any, controls said vehicle management device, unless an internal vehicle control signal is produced; and

if said internal vehicle control signal is produced, it takes priority over said additional vehicle control signal, if any, for determining the choice of treatment administered by said vehicle management device; and

(v) said first processor selects one of said four operating states in response to receipt of said first state control signal;

whereby;

(i) in said first operating state, only said internal vehicle control signal controls said SAV;

(ii) in said second operating state, only said additional vehicle control signal controls said SAV;

(iii) in said third operating state, said additional vehicle control signal takes priority over said internal vehicle control signal; and

(iv) in said fourth operating state, said internal vehicle control signal takes priority over said additional vehicle;

thereby to cause said first processor to select the source of control of said SAV from among

(I) said internal vehicle control signal; and

(II) said additional vehicle control signal.

29. The apparatus defined in claim 28, further comprising a command station for setting the operating state of said SAV, said command station including:

(a) a command input device, for inputting a state setting command and for producing a command signal;

(b) a second processor, coupled to said command input device, for generating a state control signal in response to said command signal;

(c) a command transmitting device, coupled to said second processor, for transmitting said state control signal to said first processor via said first T/R device;

thereby to set the operating state of said SAV.

30. The apparatus defined in claim 28, further comprising a first additional control station for controlling said SAV, said first additional control station including:

(a) a third processor;

(b) a display device, coupled to said third processor, for displaying a representation of said SAV information;

(c) an input device, coupled to said third processor, for producing a first additional control signal in response to an inputted vehicle management choice, for inputting commands from at least one of;

(i) a human driver of said SAV, and (ii) a traffic professional;

(d) a second T/R device, coupled to said third processor, for receiving said SAV information signal, and for transmitting said first additional control signal to said SAV.

31. The apparatus defined in claim 28, further comprising a second additional control station for controlling said SAV, said second additional control station including:

(a) a fourth processor for producing a second additional control signal in response to analysis by said fourth processor of said SAV information; and

(b) a third T/R device, coupled to said fourth processor, for receiving said first SAV information signal, and for transmitting said second additional control signal.

32. Apparatus comprising a semi-autonomous vehicle (SAV) which is alternatively internally controlled and controlled by one of two additional control sources, said apparatus comprising, in combination:

(a) a first transmitting/receiving (T/R) device for transmitting at least one signal representing SAV information to each of a first additional control source and a second additional control source;

for receiving a first additional vehicle control signal specifying an instruction controlling said SAV from said first additional control source; and

for receiving a second additional vehicle control signal specifying an instruction controlling said SAV from said second additional control source;

(b) a vehicle management device for controlling said vehicle in response to vehicle management signals applied thereto;

(c) a first sensor circuit, having a first sensor circuit input for inputting SAV information representing a state of said SAV, and having a first sensor circuit output, for producing at least one first sensor circuit output signal in response to said inputted SAV information; and

(d) a first processor, coupled to each of

(1) said first sensor circuit output,

(2) said first T/R device, and

(3) said vehicle management device,

for

(1) generating at least one first SAV information signal representing said inputted SAV information;

(2) analyzing said at least one first sensor circuit output signal, and, based on the analysis, generating an internal vehicle control signal;

(3) selecting an operating state, in response to a state control signal indicating a unique priority level of each of said vehicle control signals, wherein said state control signal specifies a hierarchy among the three sources of SAV control; and

(4) generating at least one vehicle management signal selected from the group consisting of (a) said internal vehicle control signal, (b) said first additional vehicle control signal and (c) said second additional vehicle control signal;

wherein said operating state selected from the group consisting of;

(i) a first operating state, in which

(I) said internal vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, and

(II) said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said second additional vehicle control signal, if any;

(ii) a second operating state, in which

(I) said internal vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said second additional vehicle control signal, if any, and

(II) said second additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said first additional vehicle control signal, if any;

(iii) a third operating state, in which

(I) said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said internal vehicle control signal, if any, and

(II) said internal vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said second additional vehicle control signal, if any;

(iv) a fourth operating state, in which

(I) said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said second additional vehicle control signal, if any, and

(II) said second additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said internal vehicle control signal, if any;

(v) a fifth operating state, in which

(I) said second additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said internal vehicle control signal, if any, and

(II) said internal vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said first additional vehicle control signal, if any;

(vi) a sixth operating state, in which

(I) said second additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, and

(II) said first additional vehicle control signal, if any, takes priority over said internal vehicle control signal, if any; and

(vii) said first processor is operative to select the vehicle control signal with the highest priority among all such vehicle control signals to generate said at least one vehicle management signal, in accordance with the selected operating state;

whereby said first processor selects the source of control of said IMD from among;

(A) said internal control signal;

(B) said first additional control signal; and

(C) said second additional control signal.

33. The apparatus defined in claim 32, further comprising a command station for selecting the operating state of said SAV, said command station including:

(a) a first input device, for inputting a state setting command, and for producing a command signal;

(b) a second processor coupled to said first input device, for generating a state control signal in response to said command signal;

(c) a command transmitting device, coupled to said second processor, for transmitting said state control signal to said first processor via said first T/R device;

wherein said first processor is operative to set said operating state in dependence upon said received state control signal; and

wherein said first T/R device is further operative to receive said state control signal;

thereby to set the operating state of said SAV.

34. The apparatus defined in claim 32, further comprising a second command station for selecting the operating state of said SAV, said command station including:

(a) a third processor for generating a second state control signal;

(b) a second T/R device, coupled to said third processor, for transmitting said second state control signal to said first processor via said first T/R device, and for receiving said first vehicle information signal representing said inputted SAV information;

wherein;

(i) said third processor is operative to generate said second state control signal based on said first vehicle information signal; and

(ii) said first processor is operative to set said operating state in dependence upon said received second state control signal; and

(iii) said first T/R device is further operative to receive said second state control signal;

thereby to set the operating state of said IMD.

35. The apparatus defined in claim 32, further comprising:

(I) a first additional control station for controlling said SAV, said first additional control station including;

(a) a fourth processor;

(b) a first display device, coupled to said fourth processor, for displaying SAV information;

(c) a second input device, coupled to said fourth processor, for producing said first additional vehicle control signal in response to an inputted SAV control choice, for inputting commands selected from a group consisting of;

(i) a driver of said SAV, (ii) a traffic professional, (iii) an administrator,

(d) a third T/R device, coupled to said fourth processor, for receiving said SAV information and for transmitting said first external vehicle control signal; and

(II) a second additional control station for controlling said SAV, said second additional control station including;

(a) a fifth processor;

(b) a second display device, coupled to said fifth processor, for displaying SAV information;

(c) a third input device, coupled to said fifth processor, for producing said second additional vehicle control signal in response to an inputted SAV control choice, for inputting commands selected from another group consisting of;

(i) a driver of said IMD, (ii) a traffic professional, (iii) an administrator,

(d) a third T/R device, coupled to said fifth processor, for receiving said SAV information, and for transmitting said second additional vehicle control signal.