ON-DIE TEMPERATURE SENSOR FOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

• US 20170227409A1
• Filed: 02/10/2016
• Published: 08/10/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NXP USA, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: WADHWA, SANJAY K.
• Granted Patent: US 10,078,016 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 13/00 Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 2219/00 Thermometers with dedicated analog to digital converters
• CPC Class Codes: G01K 7/015 using microstructures, e.g. made of silicon
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 3/267 using both bipolar and field-effect technology

Abstract

An on-die temperature sensor measures temperature during a temperature-measurement session. A PTAT (proportional-to-absolute-temperature) generator generates an analog PTAT voltage that is dependent on temperature. A ramp generator generates a changing, analog ramp voltage whose rate of change is dependent on the PTAT voltage, such that the rate of change of the ramp voltage is dependent on the temperature. A comparator compares the ramp voltage to a reference voltage to detect termination of the temperature-measurement session. A counter generates a count value based on the duration of the temperature-measurement session, where the count value is mapped to the measured temperature using a lookup table. The PTAT generator has (i) two npn-type bipolar devices that generate a base-to-emitter voltage difference that is dependent on temperature and function as an amplifier input stage and (ii) circuitry to generate base currents for the bipolar devices to avoid current loading at the PTAT output.

Claims

1. An article of manufacture comprising a temperature sensor that measures temperature during a temperature-measurement session, the temperature sensor comprising:

a PTAT (proportional to absolute temperature) generator that generates an analog PTAT voltage that is dependent on the temperature;

a ramp generator that generates a changing, analog ramp voltage whose rate of change is dependent on the PTAT voltage, such that the rate of change of the ramp voltage is dependent on the temperature;

a comparator that compares the ramp voltage to a reference voltage to detect termination of the temperature-measurement session; and

a counter that generates a count value based on duration of the temperature-measurement session, where the count value indicates the measured temperature.

2. The article of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor further comprises a digital processor that maps the count value to the measured temperature based on a stored look-up table.

3. The article of claim 1, wherein the ramp generator is a switched-capacitor ramp generator.

4. The article of claim 1, wherein the rate of change of the ramp voltage is further dependent on other parameters that are independent of the temperature.

5. The article of claim 1, wherein the PTAT generator comprises:

an amplifier stage having an input stage that comprises differently sized first and second npn transistors whose emitters are tied together such that their respective first and second base voltages have different levels; and

an output stage that generates the PTAT voltage based on current flowing through a first resistor having the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor.

6. The article of claim 5, wherein the amplifier stage further comprises:

a first leg comprising the first npn transistor connected in series with a first MOS transistor; and

a second leg comprising the second npn transistor connected in series with a second MOS transistor, wherein the first and second MOS transistors are mirror-connected such that currents flowing in the first and second legs are substantially equal.

7. The article of claim 5, wherein the output stage further comprises second and third resistors, wherein the first resistor is connected between the second and third resistors.

8. The article of claim 5, wherein the PTAT generator further comprises:

a base-current mirror stage that generates base currents for the first and second npn transistors such that the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor are not substantially affected by the first and second base currents of the first and second npn transistors.

9. The article of claim 8, wherein the base-current mirror stage comprises:

a first leg comprising a third MOS transistor connected to mirror current in the amplifier stage and connected in series with a third npn transistor that generates a third base current proportional to at least one of the first and second base currents;

a second leg connected to generate the third base current;

a third leg connected to generate the first base current for the first npn transistor based on the third base current; and

a fourth leg connected to generate the second base current for the second npn transistor based on the third base current.

10. The article of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is implemented without an analog-to-digital converter.

11. The article of claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor is implemented on an integrated circuit having other circuitry.

12. The article of claim 1, wherein:

the temperature sensor further comprises a digital processor that maps the count value to the measured temperature based on a stored look-up table;

the ramp generator is a switched-capacitor ramp generator;

the rate of change of the ramp voltage is further dependent on other parameters that are independent of the temperature;

the PTAT generator comprises;

an amplifier stage comprising an amplifier and an input stage, the input stage comprising differently sized first and second npn transistors whose emitters are tied together such that their respective first and second base voltages have different levels, wherein the amplifier comprises;

a first leg comprising the first npn transistor connected in series with a first MOS transistor; and

a second leg comprising the second npn transistor connected in series with a second MOS transistor, wherein the first and second MOS transistors are mirror-connected such that currents flowing in the first and second legs are substantially equal;

an output stage that generates the PTAT voltage based on current flowing through a first resistor having the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor, wherein the output stage further comprises second and third resistors, wherein the first resistor is connected between the second and third resistors; and

a base-current mirror stage that generates base currents for the first and second npn transistors such that the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor are not substantially affected by the first and second base currents of the first and second npn transistors, wherein the base-current mirror stage comprises;

a first leg comprising a third MOS transistor device connected to mirror current in the amplifier stage and connected in series with a third npn transistor device that generates a third base current proportional to at least one of the first and second base currents;

a second leg connected to generate the third base current;

a third leg connected to generate the first base current for the first npn device based on the third base current; and

a fourth leg connected to generate the second base current for the second npn device based on the third base current;

the temperature sensor is implemented without an analog-to-digital converter; and

the temperature sensor is implemented on an integrated circuit having other circuitry.

13. A method for measuring temperature during a temperature-measurement session having a beginning and an end, the method comprising:

(a) initializing a ramp voltage and a counter value at the beginning of the temperature-measurement session, where the counter value is incremented by a counter during the temperature-measurement session;

(b) driving the ramp voltage to change during the temperature-measurement session based on a PTAT voltage generated by a PTAT generator;

(c) comparing the ramp voltage to a reference voltage to detect when the ramp voltage reaches the reference voltage indicating the end of the temperature-measurement session; and

(d) mapping the counter value at the end of the temperature-measurement session to a measured temperature value.

14. An article of manufacture comprising a PTAT generator that generates an analog PTAT voltage that is dependent on temperature, the PTAT generator comprising:

an amplifier stage whose input stage comprises differently sized first and second npn transistors whose emitters are tied together such that their respective first and second base voltages have different levels; and

an output stage that generates the PTAT voltage based on current flowing through a first resistor having the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor.

15. The article of claim 14, wherein the amplifier stage comprises:

a first leg comprising the first npn transistor connected in series with a first MOS transistor; and

a second leg comprising the second npn transistor connected in series with a second MOS transistor, wherein the first and second MOS transistors are mirror-connected such that currents flowing in the first and second legs are substantially equal.

16. The article of claim 14, wherein the output stage further comprises second and third resistors, wherein the first resistor is connected between the second and third resistors.

17. The article of claim 14, wherein the PTAT generator further comprises:

a base-current mirror stage that generates base currents for the first and second npn transistors such that the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor are not substantially affected by the first and second base currents of the first and second npn devices.

18. The article of claim 17, wherein the base-current mirror stage comprises:

a first leg comprising a third MOS transistor connected to mirror current in the amplifier stage and connected in series with a third npn transistor that generates a third base current proportional to at least one of the first and second base currents;

a second leg connected to generate the third base current;

a third leg connected to generate the first base current for the first npn transistor based on the third base current; and

a fourth leg connected to generate the second base current for the second npn transistor based on the third base current.

19. The article of claim 14, wherein the PTAT generator is implemented on an integrated circuit having other circuitry.

20. The article of claim 14, wherein:

the amplifier stage comprises;

a first leg comprising the first npn transistor connected in series with a first MOS transistor; and

a second leg comprising the second npn transistor connected in series with a second MOS transistor, wherein the first and second MOS transistors are mirror-connected such that currents flowing in the first and second legs are substantially equal;

the output stage further comprises second and third resistors, wherein the first resistor is connected between the second and third resistors;

the PTAT generator further comprises;

a base-current mirror stage that generates base currents for the first and second npn transistors such that the first and second base voltages applied across the first resistor are not substantially affected by the first and second base currents of the first and second npn transistors, wherein the base-current mirror stage comprises;

a first leg comprising a third MOS transistor connected to mirror current in the amplifier stage and connected in series with a third npn transistor that generates a third base current proportional to at least one of the first and second base currents;

a second leg connected to generate the third base current;

a third leg connected to generate the first base current for the first npn transistor based on the third base current; and

a fourth leg connected to generate the second base current for the second npn transistor based on the third base current; and

the PTAT generator is implemented on an integrated circuit having other circuitry.