GRID CAPACITIVE POWER STORAGE SYSTEM

• US 20170236648A1
• Filed: 02/10/2017
• Published: 08/17/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/12/2016
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Capacitor Sciences Incorporated (Bolloré SE)
• Original Assignee: Capacitor Sciences Incorporated (Bolloré SE)
• Inventors: Robinson, Mathew R., Kelly-Morgan, Ian S.G., Sharp, Barry K., Lazarev, Pavel Ivan, Furuta, Paul
• Application Number:
  US15/430,391
• Publication Number:
  US 20170236648A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 471/06 Peri-condensed systems
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 220/06 Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 220/1812 C12-(meth)acrylate, e.g. lauryl (meth)acrylate
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 220/1818 C13or longer chain (meth)acrylate, e.g. stearyl (meth)acrylate
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 220/34 Esters containing nitrogen , e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 33/10 Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 33/14 of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/14 Organic dielectrics
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/18 of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose H01G4/16 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/32 Wound capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/32 using batteries with converting means
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/345 using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/35 with light sensitive cells

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an energy storage system comprising at least one capacitive energy storage device and a DC-voltage conversion device. The capacitive energy storage device comprises at least one metacapacitor. The output voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is the input voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device. The capacitive energy storage system is capable of being charged from a power generation system and/or an electrical grid and discharging energy to a load and/or electrical grid. The capacitive energy storage system is configurable to supply external power as an operating power in a first state in which the external power is applied and/or to supply power as the operating power in a second state in which the external power is not applied.

Claims

1. A capacitive energy storage system comprising:

a system power meter;

a system controller; and

at least one energy storage module

wherein said module comprises

at least one energy storage cell

wherein said energy storage cell comprises

a capacitive energy storage device; and

a DC-voltage conversion device;

wherein the capacitive energy storage device comprises one or more metacapacitors,

wherein the output voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is an input voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device during discharging the capacitive energy storage device,

wherein the input voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is an output voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device while charging the capacitive energy storage device,

wherein the capacitive energy storage system is configurable to connect to at least one of the list consisting of a power generation system, a grid, and a load.

2. A capacitive energy storage system comprising:

a system power meter;

a system controller;

at least one or more energy storage modules, wherein each of said one or more energy storage modules includes

at least one energy storage cell, wherein said energy storage cell comprises

a capacitive energy storage device; and

a DC-voltage conversion device;

wherein the capacitive energy storage device comprises one or more metacapacitors,

wherein the output voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is an input voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device during discharging the capacitive energy storage device,

wherein the input voltage of the capacitive energy storage device is an output voltage of the DC-voltage conversion device while charging the capacitive energy storage device, a DC link unit;

a bidirectional inverter; and

at least one switch,

wherein the system controller is configurable to control at least one connection to and communication with at least one of the list consisting of a power generation system, a grid, and a load.

3. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2 further comprising:

a first switch wherein said first switch is electrically connectable to a grid, and a second switch.

4. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2 further comprising:

a power conversion unit,

wherein said power conversion unit is a solar inverter, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) converter, a DC/DC converter, or an AC/DC converter and can be connected to a power generation system.

5. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2 further comprising:

a first switch, and

a second switch wherein said second switch is electrically connectable to a load,

wherein the system power meter is configured to supply external power to the system controller as an operating power of the system controller in a first state in which the external power is applied, and where the system controller is configured to manage power input and power output of the at least one capacitive energy storage modules through the system power meter to a load as the at least partial power demand of the load and system controller in a second state in which the external power is not applied.

6. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2 further comprising:

a third switch,

wherein said third switch is between the first switch and the bidirectional inverter

wherein the third switch can electrically isolate the load and grid from the at least one module, power generation unit, and bidirectional inverter.

7. The capacitive energy storage system of claim 6, wherein the load receives power from the grid.

8. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2, wherein the system controller is configured to manage charging, discharging, and zero current flow to and from the energy storage media.

9. A capacitive energy storage system as in claims 2 wherein the system power meter is optionally configured to supply power of the capacitive energy storage system to the load and a grid as the operating power of the load and a power source for the grid during a normal state of the grid.

10. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2, wherein the metacapacitor is a capacitor comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, and a metadielectric disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

11. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are flat and planar and positioned parallel to each other.

12. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are rolled and planar and positioned parallel to each other.

13. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 2, wherein said metacapacitors are comprised of at least one type of metadielectric materials having a relative permittivity of at least 1000 and resistivity of at least 10¹⁶ ohm cm.

14. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 13, wherein said metacapacitors are comprised of crystalline metadielectric material comprising at least one type of organic composite compounds, wherein said organic composite compounds have at least one type of enhanced polarizable unit attached to electrically resistive substituents.

15. The composite organic compound of claim 13, wherein the enhanced polarizable unit may consist of ionic polarizable fragments, non-linear electrostatic fragments, and hyperelectronic fragments.

16. The composite organic compound of claim 13, wherein the electrically resistive substituents may consist of structured polycyclic organic fragments, alkyl chains, and halogenated alkyl chains.

17. The capacitive energy storage system as in claim 13, wherein said metacapacitors are comprised of an oligomeric material described by the general formula:

18. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein Core is comprised of repeating segments selected from the group consisting of rylene, phenylene, thiophene, polyacene quinine, and combinations thereof.

19. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R1 is described by the formula C_XQ_2X+1, where X is ≧

1 and Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine.

20. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, fluorinated alkyl, chlorinated alkyl, branched alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, and combinations thereof.

21. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R1 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl.

22. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R1 is selected from phenyl, benzyl, and naphthyl.

23. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R1 is connected to Core by a connecting group selected from ether, amine, ester, amide, alkenyl, alkynyl, sulfonyl, sulfonate, and sulfonamide.

24. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R2 is described by the formula C_XQ_2X+1, where X is ≧

1 and Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine.

25. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, fluorinated alkyl, chlorinated alkyl, branched alkyl, unsaturated alkyl, and combinations thereof.

26. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R2 is selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, iso-butyl, and tert-butyl.

27. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R2 is selected from phenyl, benzyl, and naphthyl.

28. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R2 is connected to Core by a connecting group selected from ether, amine, ester, amide, alkenyl, alkynyl, sulfonyl, sulfonate, and sulfonamide.

29. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R3 and R4 are connected to Core by a connecting group independently selected from CH2, CF2, SiR2O, and CH2CH2O, wherein R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, and fluorine.

30. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 17, wherein R3 and R4 are independently selected from NR4+, PR4+, —

CO2-, —

SO3-, —

SR5-, PO3R-, and —

PR5-, —

NO2, —

NH3+ and —

NR3+ (quaternary nitrogen salts), counterion Cl—

or Br—

, —

CHO (aldehyde), —

CRO (keto group), —

SO3H (sulfonic acids), —

SO3R (sulfonates), SO2NH2 (sulfonamides), —

COOH (carboxylic acid), —

COOR (esters, from carboxylic acid side), —

COCl (carboxylic acid chlorides), —

CONH2 (amides, from carboxylic acid side), —

CF3, —

CCl3, —

CN, —

O—

(phenoxides, like —

ONa or —

OK), —

NH2, —

NHR, NR2, —

OH, —

OR (ethers), —

NHCOR (amides, from amine side), —

OCOR (esters, from alcohol side), alkyls, —

C6H5, vinyls, wherein R is radical selected from the list comprising alkyl (methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclohexyl etc.), allyl (—

CH2—

CH═

CH2), benzyl (—

CH2C6H5) groups, phenyl (+substituted phenyl) and other aryl (aromatic) groups, hydrogen, and fluorine.

31. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 13, wherein said metacapacitors are comprised of a polymeric material described by the general formula:

32. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 31, wherein Tail is a resistive oligomer of polymeric material with a HOMO-LUMO gap of no less than 4 eV.

33. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 31, wherein Tail is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, siloxane, and polyethylene glycol.

34. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 31, wherein Q is selected from the group consisting of ionic liquid ions, zwitterions, and polymeric acids.

35. A capacitive energy storage system as in claim 31, wherein Q has an energy interaction of less than kT, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature of the environment.