FUEL CELL MULTIFUNCTION CATHODE VALVE

• US 20170324100A1
• Filed: 05/03/2016
• Published: 11/09/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 05/03/2016
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: MATHIE, Craig Michael, PRYOR, Martin, RILEY, Matthew
• Granted Patent: US 10,454,120 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1095 Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04111 using a compressor turbine assembly
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/043 applied during specific periods
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04302 applied during start-up
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04335 of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04395 of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04873 of the individual fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell system in a vehicle has a cathode and an anode. A compressor has an inlet and an outlet, the outlet being configured to outlet a compressed air from the compressor. A bypass line is configured to return the compressed air from the outlet to the inlet such that the air returns to the compressor in a loop. A valve is located downstream of the compressor and is operable in a plurality of modes. In a first mode, the valve is configured to block the air from the cathode and return the air via the bypass line. In a second mode, the valve is configured to direct at least some of the air to the cathode. The valve can also be configured to operate in a third mode in which the air is sent to the cathode without going through the bypass line.

Claims

1. A fuel cell comprising:

a cathode and an anode;

a compressor having an inlet and an outlet configured to outlet a compressed air from the compressor;

a bypass line configured to return the air from the outlet to the inlet; and

a valve operable in a first mode configured to block the air from the cathode and a second mode configured to direct at least some of the air to the bypass line.

2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the valve is operable in a third mode configured to block the air from being sent to the bypass line and direct the air to be sent toward the cathode.

3. The fuel cell of claim 1, further comprising a controller coupled to a pressure sensor and to the valve, wherein the controller is programmed to control the valve based on a determined air pressure within the fuel cell.

4. The fuel cell of claim 3, wherein the controller is further programmed to control the valve such that a compressor pressure ratio is maintained during operation.

5. The fuel cell of claim 1, further comprising a controller programmed to control the valve to minimize high cell voltages during one or more driving modes including start-up, shut-down, idle, and stop.

6. The fuel cell of claim 1, further comprising a controller coupled to a temperature sensor and to the valve, wherein the controller is programmed to control the valve based on a determined air temperature within the fuel cell.

7. A method of selectively delivering air from a compressor to a fuel cell cathode, comprising:

operating a valve in a first position such that compressed air from the compressor returns to the compressor and is prevented from flowing toward a humidifier; and

operating the valve in a second position such that part of the compressed air returns to the compressor and part of the compressed air flows toward the humidifier.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising operating the valve in a third position such that the compressed air is prevented from returning to the compressor and is enabled to flow toward the humidifier.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising sending the compressed air to the fuel cell cathode when the valve is in the third position.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising fluidly connecting an output of the compressor to a bypass line that returns the air to the compressor when the valve is in the first position.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising fluidly connecting an output of the compressor to the cathode while inhibiting the compressed air from traveling to the bypass line when the valve is in the third position.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising switching the valve between the first and second positions based on a ratio of air pressure entering and exiting the compressor.

13. The method of claim 8, further comprising switching the valve between the first and second positions based on a temperature of the air.

14. A fuel cell compressor recirculation system, comprising:

an air compressor having an inlet and an outlet;

a valve;

a first fluid line coupling the outlet to the valve;

a second fluid line coupling the valve to the inlet; and

a third fluid line coupling the valve to a cathode;

wherein the valve is configured to selectively divert air into the second fluid line while blocking the air from flowing into the third fluid line.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the valve is further configured to selectively enable some of the air into the third line while diverting some of the air into the second line.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the valve is further configured to selectively enable the air to flow from the first line to the third line while blocking air from flowing into the second line.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the third line includes a humidifier therein.

18. The system of claim 14, further comprising a controller programmed to control the valve to minimize high cell voltages during one or more driving modes including start-up, shut-down, idle, and stop.

19. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is part of a vehicle, the system further comprising a controller coupled to the valve and programmed to, in response to the vehicle being started, control the valve to divert the air into the second line while blocking the air from flowing into the third line.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein the system is part of a vehicle, the system further comprising a controller coupled to the valve and programmed to, in response to the vehicle being shut down, control the valve to divert the air into the second line while blocking the air from flowing into the third line.