ASSAY AND OTHER REACTIONS INVOLVING DROPLETS
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Abstract
The present invention generally relates to droplets and/or emulsions, such as multiple emulsions. In some cases, the droplets and/or emulsions may be used in assays, and in certain embodiments, the droplet or emulsion may be hardened to form a gel. In some aspects, a heterogeneous assay can be performed using a gel. For example, a droplet may be hardened to form a gel, where the droplet contains a cell, DNA, or other suitable species. The gel may be exposed to a reactant, and the reactant may interact with the gel and/or with the cell, DNA, etc., in some fashion. For example, the reactant may diffuse through the gel, or the hardened particle may liquefy to form a liquid state, allowing the reactant to interact with the cell. As a specific example, DNA contained within a gel particle may be subjected to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification, e.g., by using PCR primers able to bind to the gel as it forms. As the DNA is amplified using PCR, some of the DNA will be bound to the gel via the PCR primer. After the PCR reaction, unbound DNA may be removed from the gel, e.g., via diffusion or washing. Thus, a gel particle having bound DNA may be formed in one embodiment of the invention.
10 Citations
36 Claims
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1-20. -20. (canceled)
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21. A method, comprising:
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providing a gel droplet containing a species, wherein the gel droplet is within a surrounding droplet; and exposing the species within the gel droplet to a reactant which is reactive with the species. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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32. A method, comprising:
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providing a gel droplet comprising a first nucleic acid and a second nucleic acid different from the first nucleic acid, the first nucleic acid being bound to the gel and being a primer; and growing the first nucleic acid within the gel, using the second nucleic acid as a template. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35)
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36. A method, comprising:
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providing a fluidic droplet in a carrying fluid, the fluidic droplet substantially immiscible in water and the carrying fluid substantially immiscible in water; hardening the fluidic droplet to form a gel; removing the carrying fluid; and placing the hardened fluidic droplet in a third fluid which is immiscible in water.
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Specification