CROSSLINKED POLYFLUOROACRYLIC ACID AND PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF

• US 20180072833A1
• Filed: 11/17/2017
• Published: 03/15/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 08/22/2008
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Vifor (International) Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Relypsa Incorporated (CSL Limited)
• Inventors: Chang, Han-Ting, Charmot, Dominique, Liu, Mingjun, Strver, Werner
• Application Number:
  US15/816,288
• Publication Number:
  US 20180072833A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/00 Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• CPC Class Codes: C08F 220/22 Esters containing halogen

Abstract

The present invention is directed to crosslinked cation exchange polymers comprising a fluoro group and an acid group and being a polymerization product of at least three monomers. Pharmaceutical compositions of these polymers are useful to bind potassium in the gastrointestinal tract.

Claims

1. A crosslinked cation exchange polymer comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising three or more monomers, the monomers corresponding to Formula 11, Formula 22, and Formula 33;

wherein

(i) the monomers corresponding to Formula 11 constitute at least about 85 wt. % based on the total weight of monomers of Formulae 11, 22, and 33 in the polymerization mixture, and the weight ratio of the monomer corresponding to Formula 22 to the monomer corresponding to Formula 33 is from about 4;

1 to about 1;

4, or

(ii) the mole fraction of the monomer of Formula 11 in the polymerization mixture is at least about 0.87 based on the total number of moles of the monomers of Formulae 11, 22, and 33, and the mole ratio of the monomer of Formula 22 to the monomer of Formula 33 in the polymerization mixture is from about 0.2;

1 to about 7;

1, and

Formula 11, Formula 22, and Formula 33 correspond to the following structures;

2. The polymer of claim 1 wherein Formula 11, Formula 22, and Formula 33 correspond to the following structures:

3. The polymer of claim 1 wherein A₁₁ is protected carboxylic, phosphonic, or phosphoric.

4. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the polymerization mixture further comprises a polymerization initiator.

5. A crosslinked cation exchange polymer in an acid or salt form, the cation exchange polymer comprising a reaction product of the crosslinked polymer of any one of claims 1 to 4 and a hydrolysis agent.

6. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein A₁₁ is carboxylic, phosphonic, or phosphoric.

7. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the polymerization mixture does not comprise a polymerization initiator.

9. The polymer of claim 3 wherein Formula 1, Formula 2 and Formula 3 correspond to the following structures:

10. The polymer of any one of claims 1 and 3 to 8 wherein X₂ of Formulae 3 or 33 is either (a) an ether moiety selected from either —

(CH₂)_d—

O—

(CH₂)_e—

or —

(CH₂)_d—

O—

(CH₂)_e—

O—

(CH₂)_d—

wherein d and e are independently an integer of 1 through 5, or (b) an amide moiety of the formula —

C(O)—

NH—

(CH₂)_p—

NH—

C(O)—

wherein p is an integer of 1 through 8, or (c) Formulae 3 or 33 is a mixture of structural units having the ether moiety and the amide moiety.

11. The polymer of claim 10 wherein X₂ is the ether moiety, d is an integer from 1 to 2, and e is an integer from 1 to 3.

12. The polymer of claim 10 wherein X₂ is the amide moiety and p is an integer of 4 to 6.

13. The polymer of any one of claims 1 and 3 to 8 wherein X₂ is alkylene.

14. The polymer of claim 13 wherein X₂ is ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, or hexylene.

15. The polymer of claim 13 wherein X₂ is butylene.

16. The polymer of any one of claims 1, 3 to 8 and 10 to 15 wherein X₁ is phenylene.

17. The polymer of any one of claims 1, 3 to 8 and 10 to 16 wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen.

18. The polymer of any one of claims 1, 3 to 8 and 10 to 17 wherein A₁₁ is protected carboxylic.

19. The polymer of claim 18 wherein protected carboxylic is —

C(O)O-alkyl.

20. The polymer of any one of claims 5 and 10 to 19 wherein the hydrolysis agent is a strong base.

21. The polymer of claim 20 wherein the strong base is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or a combination thereof.

22. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 5 and 10 to 21 wherein the weight ratio of the monomer of Formula 22 to the monomer of Formula 33 in the crosslinked cation exchange polymer is from about 2:

1 to 1;

2.

23. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 5 and 10 to 21 wherein the weight ratio of the monomer of Formula 22 to the monomer of Formula 33 in the crosslinked cation exchange polymer is about 1:

1.

24. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 5 and 10 to 21 wherein the mole ratio of the monomer of Formula 22 to the monomer of Formula 33 in the crosslinked cation exchange polymer is from 0.2:

1 to 3.5;

1.

25. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 5 and 10 to 21 wherein the mole ratio of the monomer of Formula 22 to the monomer of Formula 33 in the crosslinked cation exchange polymer is from about 0.5:

1 to about 1.3;

1.

26. The polymer of any one of claims 8 to 21 wherein the mole ratio of the structural unit of Formula 2 to the structural unit of Formula 3 in the crosslinked cation exchange polymer is from 0.2:

1 to 3.5;

1.

27. The polymer of any one of claims 8 to 21 wherein the mole ratio of the structural unit of Formula 2 to the structural unit of Formula 3 in the crosslinked cation exchange polymer is from about 0.5:

1 to about 1.3;

1.

28. The polymer of any one of claims 1 to 27 wherein the cation of the salt is calcium, sodium, or a combination thereof.

29. The polymer of claim 28, wherein the cation of the salt is calcium.

30. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a crosslinked cation exchange polymer of any one of claims 1 to 29 and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

38. A method for removing potassium from the gastrointestinal tract of an animal subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition of claim 30 or a polymer of any one of claims 1 to 29 to the subject, whereby the pharmaceutical composition or the polymer passes through the gastrointestinal tract of the subject, and removes a therapeutically effective amount of potassium ion from the gastrointestinal tract of the subject.

39. The method of claim 38 wherein the animal subject is a mammal and the polymer of any one of claims 1 to 29 is administered to the subject.

40. The method of claim 38 or 39 wherein the subject suffers from chronic kidney disease.

41. The method of claim 38 or 39 wherein the subject suffers from congestive heart failure.

42. The method of claim 40 or 41 wherein the subject is undergoing dialysis.

43. The method of any one of claims 38 to 42 wherein the subject is experiencing hyperkalemia.

44. The method of any one of claims 38 to 43 wherein the subject is a human.

45. The method of any one of claims 38 to 44 wherein the potassium-binding polymer is administered in a dose of about 10 grams/day to about 30 grams/day.

46. The method of claim 44 or 45 wherein the human is being treated with an agent that causes potassium retention.

47. The method of claim 46 wherein the potassium-binding polymer and the agent that causes potassium retention are administered simultaneously.

48. The method of claim 46 or 47 wherein the agent that causes potassium retention is an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor.

49. The method of claim 48 wherein the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor is captopril, zofenopril, enalapril, ramipril, quinapril, perindopril, lisinopril, benazipril, fosinopril, or a combination thereof.

50. The method of claim 46 or 47 wherein the agent that causes potassium retention is an angiotensin receptor blocker.

51. The method of claim 49 wherein the angiotensin receptor blocker is candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, or a combination thereof.

52. The method of claim 46 or 47 wherein the agent that causes potassium retention is an aldosterone antagonist.

53. The method of claim 52 wherein the aldosterone antagonist is spironolactone, eplerenone, or a combination thereof.

8. A crosslinked cation exchange polymer comprising structural units corresponding to Formulae 1, 2, and 3, wherein

(i) the structural units corresponding to Formula 1 constitute at least about 85 wt. % based on the total weight of structural units of Formulae 1, 2, and 3 in the polymer, calculated from the amounts of monomers used in the polymerization reaction, and the weight ratio of the structural unit corresponding to Formula 2 to the structural unit corresponding to Formula 3 is from about 4:

1 to about 1;

4, or

(ii) the mole fraction of the structural unit of Formula 1 in the polymer is at least about 0.87 based on the total number of moles of the structural units of Formulae 1, 2, and 3, calculated from the amounts of monomers used in the polymerization reaction, and the mole ratio of the structural unit of Formula 2 to the structural unit of Formula 3 is from about 0.2;

1 to about 7;

1, and

Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3 correspond to the following structures;

31. A method of making a crosslinked cation exchange polymer comprising contacting a mixture comprising three or more monomers to form the crosslinked cation exchange polymer, the monomers corresponding to Formula 11, Formula 22, and Formula 33;

wherein

(i) the monomers corresponding to Formula 11 constitute at least about 85 wt. % based on the total weight of monomers of Formulae 11, 22, and 33 in the polymerization mixture, and the weight ratio of the monomer corresponding to Formula 22 to the monomer corresponding to Formula 33 is from about 4;

1 to about 1;

4, or

(ii) the mole fraction of the monomer of Formula 11 in the polymerization mixture is at least about 0.87 based on the total number of moles of the monomers of Formulae 11, 22, and 33, and the mole ratio of the monomer of Formula 22 to the monomer of Formula 33 in the polymerization mixture is from about 0.2;

1 to about 7;

1, and

Formula 11, Formula 22, and Formula 33 correspond to the following structures;

32. The method of claim 31 wherein Formulae 11, 22, and 33 correspond to the following structures:

33. The method of claim 31 or 32 further comprising hydrolyzing the crosslinked cation exchange polymer with a hydrolysis agent.

34. The method of claim 31 or 32 wherein the polymerization yield is at least about 85%.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein the yield after a hydrolysis step is at least about 85%.

36. The method of any one of claims 31 to 35 wherein A₁₁ is carboxylic, phosphonic, or phosphoric.

37. The method of any one of claims 31 to 36 wherein the polymerization mixture does not comprise a polymerization initiator.