MEMORY VIOLATION PREDICTION

• US 20180081806A1
• Filed: 09/22/2016
• Published: 03/22/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 09/22/2016
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: KOTHINTI NARESH, Vignyan Reddy, KRISHNA, Anil, WRIGHT, Gregory Michael
• Application Number:
  US15/273,182
• Publication Number:
  US 20180081806A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0862 with prefetch
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1021 Hit rate improvement
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/1032 Reliability improvement, data loss prevention, degraded operation etc
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/452 Instruction code
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/6022 Using a prefetch buffer or dedicated prefetch cache
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/6028 Prefetching based on hints or prefetch instructions
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/3834 Maintaining memory consistency
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/3842 Speculative instruction execution

Abstract

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for preventing memory violations. In an aspect, a fetch unit accesses, from a branch predictor of a processor, a disambiguation indicator associated with a block of instructions of a program to be executed by the processor, and fetches, from an instruction cache, the block of instructions. The processor executes load instructions and/or store instructions in the block of instructions based on the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program.

Claims

1. A method for preventing memory violations, comprising:

accessing, by a fetch unit from a branch predictor of a processor, a disambiguation indicator associated with a block of instructions of a program to be executed by the processor;

fetching, by the fetch unit of the processor from an instruction cache, the block of instructions; and

executing, by the processor, load instructions and/or store instructions in the block of instructions based on the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from executing until unknown store instructions have been resolved, and

wherein the executing comprises blocking all the load instructions in the block of instructions from executing until the unknown store instructions have been resolved.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the unknown store instructions comprise store instructions where target memory addresses of the unknown store instructions are unknown until the unknown store instructions are resolved, and

wherein the unknown store instructions precede any load instructions in the block of instructions in the program execution order.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from executing until unknown load instructions have been resolved, and

wherein the executing comprises blocking all load instructions in the block of instructions from executing until the unknown load instructions have been resolved.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the unknown load instructions comprise load instructions where target memory addresses of the unknown load instructions are unknown until the unknown load instructions are resolved, and

wherein the unknown load instructions precede any load instructions in the block of instructions in the program execution order.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from executing until unknown store instructions and unknown load instructions have been resolved, and

wherein the executing comprises:

blocking all load instructions in the block of instructions from executing until the unknown store instructions have been resolved, and

blocking all load instructions in the block of instructions from executing until the unknown load instructions have been resolved.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all unknown store instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable, and

wherein the executing comprises waiting to execute other instructions of the program until all the unknown store instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all unknown load instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable, and

wherein the executing comprises waiting to execute other instructions of the program until all unknown load instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all unknown store instructions and all unknown load instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable,

wherein the executing comprises:

waiting to execute other instructions of the program until all the unknown store instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved, and

waiting to execute other instructions of the program until all the unknown load instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the disambiguation indicator is a multiple-bit field associated with each block of instructions of the program being executed.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

setting the disambiguation indicator to a default value before the block of instructions is executed a first time.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

updating the disambiguation indicator based on a load instruction or a store instruction in the block of instructions causing a memory violation during execution of the block of instructions.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the block of instructions is associated with a plurality of entries in the branch predictor, each entry of the plurality of entries in the branch predictor corresponding to a branch in the block of instructions, and

wherein each entry of the plurality of entries in the branch predictor has a corresponding disambiguation indicator representing how load instructions and store instructions in the block of instructions should be executed for the branch in the block of instructions.

30. The method of claim 1, the computer-executable code further comprising:

at least one instruction to cause the fetch unit to set the disambiguation indicator to a default value before the block of instructions is executed a first time.

14. An apparatus for preventing memory violations, comprising:

a processor;

a fetch unit configured to fetch, from an instruction cache, a block of instructions of a program to be executed by the processor; and

a branch predictor configured to provide a disambiguation indicator associated with the block of instructions to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to execute load instructions and/or store instructions in the block of instructions based on the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from execution until unknown store instructions have been resolved, and

wherein the processor being configured to execute comprises the processor being configured to block all the load instructions in the block of instructions from execution until the unknown store instructions have been resolved.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the unknown store instructions comprise store instructions where target memory addresses of the unknown store instructions are unknown until the unknown store instructions are resolved, and

wherein the unknown store instructions precede any load instructions in the block of instructions in the program execution order.

17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from execution until unknown load instructions have been resolved, and

wherein the processor being configured to execute comprises the processor being configured to block all load instructions in the block of instructions from executing until the unknown load instructions have been resolved.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the unknown load instructions comprise load instructions where target memory addresses of the unknown load instructions are unknown until the unknown load instructions are resolved, and

wherein the unknown load instructions precede any load instructions in the block of instructions in the program execution order.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that:

all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from execution until unknown store instructions have been resolved, or

all the load instructions in the block of instructions should be blocked from execution until unknown load instructions have been resolved, and

wherein the processor being configured to execute comprises the processor being configured to;

block all load instructions in the block of instructions from execution until the unknown store instructions have been resolved, or

block all load instructions in the block of instructions from execution until the unknown load instructions have been resolved.

20. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all unknown store instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable, and

wherein the processor being configured to execute comprises the processor being configured to wait to execute other instructions of the program until all the unknown store instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved.

21. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that all unknown load instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable, and

wherein the processor being configured to execute comprises the processor being configured to wait to execute other instructions of the program until all unknown load instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved.

22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program comprises the disambiguation indicator indicating that:

all unknown store instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable, or

all unknown load instructions in the block of instructions should be marked as non-bypassable, and

wherein the processor being configured to execute comprises the processor being configured to;

wait to execute other instructions of the program until all the unknown store instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved, or

wait to execute other instructions of the program until all the unknown load instructions in the block of instructions have been resolved.

23. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the disambiguation indicator is a multiple-bit field associated with each block of instructions of the program being executed.

24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:

set the disambiguation indicator to a default value before the block of instructions is executed a first time.

25. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:

update the disambiguation indicator based on a load instruction or a store instruction in the block of instructions having caused a memory violation during execution of the block of instructions.

26. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the block of instructions is associated with a plurality of entries in the branch predictor, each entry of the plurality of entries in the branch predictor corresponding to a branch in the block of instructions, and

wherein each entry of the plurality of entries in the branch predictor has a corresponding disambiguation indicator representing how load instructions and store instructions in the block of instructions should be executed for the branch in the block of instructions.

27. An apparatus for preventing memory violations, comprising:

a means for processing;

a means for fetching configured to fetch, from an instruction cache, a block of instructions of a program to be executed by the processor; and

a means for branch prediction configured to provide a disambiguation indicator associated with the block of instructions to the processor,

wherein the means for processing is configured to execute load instructions and/or store instructions in the block of instructions based on the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the means for processing is further configured to:

set the disambiguation indicator to a default value before the block of instructions is executed a first time.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code for preventing memory violations, the computer-executable code comprising:

at least one instruction to cause a fetch unit of a processor to fetch, from an instruction cache, a block of instructions of a program to be executed by the processor;

at least one instruction to cause the fetch unit to access, from a branch predictor of the processor, a disambiguation indicator associated with the block of instructions; and

at least one instruction to cause the processor to execute load instructions and/or store instructions in the block of instructions based on the disambiguation indicator indicating whether or not the load instructions and/or the store instructions in the block of instructions can bypass other instructions of the program or be bypassed by other instructions of the program.