CATALYTIC FUEL TANK INERTING APPARATUS FOR AIRCRAFT

• US 20180148191A1
• Filed: 01/29/2018
• Published: 05/31/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/2016
• Status: Abandoned Application

• Current Assignee: Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Smith, Lance L., Surawski, Eric
• Application Number:
  US15/882,296
• Publication Number:
  US 20180148191A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/22 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/265 by refrigeration (condensation)
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 13/06 the air being conditioned pressurising B64D13/02
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2013/0659 comprising provisions for cooling fuel systems
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 37/02 Tanks tanks constructed integrally with aircraft wings B64C; shape or construction of tanks per se B65D
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 37/32 Safety measures not otherwise provided for, e.g. preventing explosive conditions extinguishing or preventing fires in aircraft A62C
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/40 Weight reduction

Abstract

Fuel tank inerting systems and methods for aircraft are provided. The systems include a fuel tank, a first reactant source fluidly connected to the fuel tank, the first source arranged to receive fuel from the fuel tank, a second reactant source, a catalytic reactor arranged to receive a first reactant from the first source and a second reactant from the second source to generate an inert gas that is supplied to the fuel tank to fill a ullage space of the fuel tank, and a back pressure flow restrictor positioned within or along a fuel tank supply line and downstream of the catalytic reactor, the back pressure flow restrictor arranged to maintain high-pressure operation of the catalytic reactor.

Claims

1. A fuel tank inerting system for an aircraft, the system comprising:

a fuel tank;

a first reactant source fluidly connected to the fuel tank, the first source arranged to receive fuel from the fuel tank;

a second reactant source;

a catalytic reactor arranged to receive a first reactant from the first source and a second reactant from the second source to generate an inert gas that is supplied to the fuel tank to fill a ullage space of the fuel tank;

a back pressure flow restrictor positioned within or along a fuel tank supply line and downstream of the catalytic reactor, the back pressure flow restrictor arranged to maintain high-pressure operation of the catalytic reactor.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the first source is an evaporator container.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the second source is at least one of a bleed port of an engine of an aircraft and an aircraft cabin.

4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heat exchanger arranged between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank and configured to at least one of cool and condense an output from the catalytic reactor to separate out an inert gas and a byproduct.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein discharge air from an environmental control system of the aircraft is provided to the heat exchanger to enable cooling of the output from the catalytic reactor.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heating duct thermally connected to the catalytic reactor and arranged in thermal communication with the first source to provide heat to the first source to generate the first reactant.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising an injector pump arranged to receive the first reactant and the second reactant and to supply a mixture of the first reactant and the second reactant to the catalytic reactor.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising an inert gas recycling system located downstream of the catalytic reactor and upstream of the fuel tank, wherein the inert gas recycling system is arranged to direct a portion of the inert gas to the catalytic reactor.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising at least one additional fuel tank, wherein the at least one additional fuel tank is arranged to receive inert gas from the catalytic reactor.

10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a water separator located between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank and downstream of the catalytic reactor, the water separator arranged to extract water from the reacted first reactant and second reactant.

11. Method of supplying inert gas to a fuel tank of an aircraft, the method comprising:

supplying fuel from a fuel tank to a first reactant source;

generating a first reactant within the first reactant source;

mixing the first reactant with a second reactant supplied from a second reactant source;

catalyzing the mixed first reactant and second reactant within a catalytic reactor to generate an inert gas;

supplying the inert gas to the fuel tank to fill a ullage space of the fuel tank; and

maintaining high-pressure operation of the catalytic reactor using a back pressure flow restrictor positioned within or along a fuel tank supply line and downstream of the catalytic reactor.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first source is an evaporator container.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the second source is at least one of a bleed port of an engine of an aircraft and an aircraft cabin.

14. The method of claim 11, further comprising at least one of cooling and condensing an output from the catalytic reactor to separate out an inert gas and a byproduct with a heat exchanger arranged between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising supplying discharge air from an environmental control system of the aircraft to the heat exchanger to enable cooling of the output from the catalytic reactor.

16. The method of claim 11, further comprising heating the first reactant source with a heating duct thermally connected to the catalytic reactor and arranged in thermal communication with the first source to provide heat to the first source to generate the first reactant

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising mixing and injecting the first reactant and the second reactant using an injector pump to supply a mixture of the first reactant and the second reactant to the catalytic reactor.

18. The method of claim 11, further comprising recycling a portion of the inert gas and supplying the recycled portion to the catalytic reactor.

19. The method of claim 11, further comprising supplying the inert gas to at least one additional fuel tank from the catalytic reactor.

20. The method of claim 11, further comprising extracting water from the reacted first reactant and second reactant using a water separator located between the catalytic reactor and the fuel tank and downstream of the catalytic reactor.