Wireless Charging System With Metallic Object Detection

• US 20190326782A1
• Filed: 07/10/2018
• Published: 10/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/2018
• Status: Active Application

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Graham, Christopher S., Czapar, Matthew G.
• Application Number:
  US16/031,858
• Publication Number:
  US 20190326782A1
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/28 Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/05 using capacitive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment

Abstract

A wireless power transmission system has a wireless power receiving device that is located on a charging surface of a wireless power transmitting device. The receiving device has a wireless power receiving coil and the transmitting device has a wireless power transmitting coil array. Control circuitry in the transmitting device uses inverter circuitry to supply alternating-current signals the coil array, thereby transmitting wireless power signals. Measurement circuitry coupled to the coil array makes impulse response measurements while the control circuitry uses the inverter circuitry to apply impulse signals to each of the coils. The control circuitry analyzes output from the measurement circuitry to detect the presence of a metal foreign object on the charging surface. In response to such a detection, the control circuitry reduces the power of subsequent impulse signals to minimize physical vibration and audible noise generated in the system by the metal foreign object.

Claims

1. A wireless power transmitting device with a charging surface configured to receive a wireless power receiving device that has a wireless power receiving coil, the wireless power transmitting device comprising:

a coil;

wireless power transmitting circuitry coupled to the coil and configured to transmit wireless power signals with the coil;

impulse response measurement circuitry coupled to the coil; and

control circuitry configured to;

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply a first impulse signal at a first maximum power level to the coil;

measure an impulse response of the coil with the impulse response measurement circuitry;

detect whether a metal foreign object is present on the charging surface based on the measured impulse response; and

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply a second impulse signal at a second maximum power level to the coil in response to detecting that the metal foreign object is present on the charging surface, wherein the second maximum power level is different from the first maximum power level.

2. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 1, wherein the second maximum power level is less than the first maximum power level.

3. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 2, wherein the wireless power transmitting circuitry comprises an inverter, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply the first impulse signal to the coil by providing a control signal to the inverter using a first duty cycle, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply the second impulse signal to the coil by providing the control signal to the inverter using a second duty cycle that is lower than the first duty cycle.

4. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 2, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

measure an additional impulse response of the coil using the impulse response measurement circuitry, wherein the additional impulse response is generated on the coil in response to the second impulse signal; and

determine whether the metal foreign object has moved away from the coil based on the additional impulse response.

5. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply the second impulse signal to the coil at the first maximum power level in response to detecting that no metal foreign objects overlapping the coil are present on the charging surface.

6. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

detect whether an inductive coil is present on the charging surface based on the measured impulse response; and

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to determine whether the inductive coil is associated with the wireless power receiving device in response to detecting that the inductive coil is present on the charging surface.

7. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 6, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the inductive coil is associated with the wireless power receiving device by transmitting wireless data using the coil.

8. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 6, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

enable the coil to transmit the wireless power signals in response to determining that the inductive coil is associated with the wireless power receiving device.

9. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 8, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply a third impulse signal to the coil at the first maximum power level after enabling the coil to transmit the wireless power signals.

10. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 8, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply a third impulse signal to the coil at the first maximum power level in response to determining that the inductive coil is not associated with the wireless power receiving device.

11. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 1, wherein the measured impulse response comprises a measurement selected from the group consisting of:

an inductance measurement of the coil in response to the first impulse signal, a frequency measurement of the coil in response to the first impulse signal, and a Q factor measurement of the coil in response to the first impulse signal.

12. A wireless power transmitting device with a charging surface configured to receive a wireless power receiving device that has a wireless power receiving coil, the wireless power transmitting device comprising:

a coil;

wireless power transmitting circuitry coupled to the coil and configured to transmit wireless power signals with the coil;

impulse response measurement circuitry coupled to the coil; and

control circuitry configured to;

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply impulse signals at a first maximum power level to the coil, wherein the impulse signals generate impulse responses on the coil;

gather measurements of the impulse responses on the coil with the impulse response measurement circuitry;

determine whether the gathered measurements have changed over time; and

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply an additional impulse signal at a second maximum power level to the coil in response to determining that the gathered measurements have changed over time, wherein the second maximum power level is greater than the first maximum power level.

13. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 12, wherein the additional impulse signal generates an additional impulse response on the coil, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

gather an additional measurement of the additional impulse response on the coil; and

characterize an environment on the charging surface based on the gathered additional measurement.

14. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 13, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

detect whether an inductive coil is present on the charging surface based on the gathered additional measurement; and

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to determine whether the inductive coil is associated with the wireless power receiving device in response to detecting that the inductive coil is present on the charging surface.

15. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 14, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to determine whether the inductive coil is associated with the wireless power receiving device by transmitting wireless data using the coil.

16. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 14, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

enable the coil to transmit the wireless power signals in response to determining that the inductive coil is associated with the wireless power receiving device; and

control the wireless power transmitting circuitry to supply an additional set of impulse signals to the coil at the first maximum power level after enabling the coil to transmit the wireless power signals.

17. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 12, wherein the coil comprises one of a plurality of coils arranged in an array adjacent to the charging surface.

18. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 12, wherein the gathered measurements comprise a measurement selected from the group consisting of:

an inductance measurement, a frequency measurement, and a Q factor measurement.

19. A wireless power transmitting device configured to transmit wireless power signals to a wireless power receiving device, the wireless power transmitting device comprising:

a coil;

inverter circuitry coupled to the coil and configured to transmit the wireless power signals with the coil;

impulse response measurement circuitry coupled to the coil; and

control circuitry configured to;

provide a first control signal to the inverter circuitry using a first duty cycle, wherein the first control signal controls the inverter circuitry to supply a first impulse signal to the coil;

measure a response of the coil to the first impulse signal with the impulse response measurement circuitry; and

provide a second control signal to the inverter circuitry using a second duty cycle that is different than the first duty cycle based on the measured response of the coil to the first impulse signal, wherein the second control signal controls the inverter circuitry to supply a second impulse signal to the coil.

20. The wireless power transmitting device defined in claim 19, wherein the second duty cycle is less than the first duty cycle, and wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:

detect a presence of a metal foreign object on the coil based on the measured response of the coil; and

provide the second control signal to the inverter circuitry in response to detecting the presence of the metal foreign object on the coil.