SYNCHRONOUS RECTIFICATION CIRCUIT, CORRESPONDING DEVICE AND METHOD

• US 20190326808A1
• Filed: 04/01/2019
• Published: 10/24/2019
• Est. Priority Date: 04/20/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics SRL (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics SRL (STMicroelectronics NV)
• Inventors: Massimiani, Ivan Clemente
• Granted Patent: US 10,658,917 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0048 Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses using snubbers H02M1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0051 Diode reverse recovery losses
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/08 Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/06 using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/217 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A sense terminal is configured to sense a drain-to-source voltage of a field effect transistor and a drive terminal is configured to drive the gate terminal of the field effect transistor to alternatively turn the field effect transistor on and off to provide a rectified current flow in the field effect transistor channel. A comparator is configured to perform a comparison of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor with a reference threshold and to detect alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold and the drain-to-source voltage. A PWM signal generator is configured to drive the gate terminal of the field effect transistor to turn the field effect transistor on and off as a result of the alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold by the drain-to-source voltage.

Claims

1. A circuit configured to be coupled to a field effect transistor that has a channel between source and drain terminals as well as a body diode and a gate terminal configured to control electrical current flow in the field effect transistor channel, wherein the circuit comprises:

a sense terminal configured to sense a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor;

a drive terminal configured to drive the gate terminal of the field effect transistor to alternatively turn the field effect transistor on and off to provide a rectified current flow in the field effect transistor channel;

a comparator coupled to the sense terminal, the comparator configured to perform a comparison of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor with a reference threshold and to detect alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold and the drain-to-source voltage; and

a PWM signal generator coupled to the comparator and the drive terminal, the PWM signal generator configured to drive the gate terminal of the field effect transistor to turn the field effect transistor on and off as a result of the alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold by the drain-to-source voltage.

2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the PWM signal generator is configured to turn the field effect transistor on with a delay relative to the downward crossings of the reference threshold and the drain-to-source voltage.

3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the PWM signal generator is configured to keep the field effect transistor turned on for on-time intervals in excess of a lower on-time threshold.

4. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising an acquisition circuit block coupled to the PWM signal generator, wherein the acquisition circuit block is sensitive to field effect transistor turn off times, the acquisition circuit block coupled to the sense terminal and configured to sense the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor with a delay relative to field effect transistor turn off times.

5. The circuit of claim 4, further comprising an adaptive network coupled to the acquisition circuit block, the adaptive network configured to control the field effect transistor turn off times as a function of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block.

6. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the adaptive network is configured to compare the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block with an acquisition threshold value to cause the field effect transistor turn off times to occur earlier as a result of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block being above the acquisition threshold value.

7. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the adaptive network is configured to compare the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block with an acquisition threshold value to cause the field effect transistor turn off times to occur later as a result of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block being below the acquisition threshold value.

8. The circuit of claim 5, wherein the adaptive network is arranged between the acquisition circuit block and the comparator, the adaptive network configured to vary the reference threshold as a function of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block.

9. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the circuit operates as a digital controller.

10. A circuit comprising:

a rectification circuit comprising a field effect transistor that has a channel between source and drain terminals and a gate terminal configured to control electrical current flow in the channel;

a sense terminal configured to sense a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor;

a drive terminal coupled to the gate terminal of the field effect transistor to alternatively turn the field effect transistor on and off to provide a rectified current flow in the field effect transistor channel;

a comparator circuit coupled to the sense terminal, the comparator circuit configured to perform a comparison of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor with a reference threshold and to detect alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold and the drain-to-source voltage; and

a PWM signal generator coupled to the gate terminal of the field effect transistor, the comparator circuit and the drive terminal, the PWM signal generator configured to drive the gate terminal of the field effect transistor to turn the field effect transistor on and off as a result of the alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold by the drain-to-source voltage.

11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein the rectification circuit further comprises:

a transformer having a first secondary winding terminal and a second secondary winding terminal, the first secondary winding terminal coupled to the source of the field effect transistor;

an inductor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the inductor coupled to the drain of the field effect transistor; and

a capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the capacitor coupled to the second terminal of the inductor.

12. The circuit of claim 11, further comprising a second field effect transistor coupled to the transformer.

13. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the second field effect transistor has a source coupled to the second secondary winding terminal and the second terminal of the capacitor, the second field effect transistor also having a drain coupled to the drain of the field effect transistor and the first terminal of the inductor.

14. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the second field effect transistor has a source coupled to the second secondary winding terminal and a drain coupled to the drain of the field effect transistor and the first terminal of the inductor, wherein the second terminal of the capacitor is coupled to the source of the field effect transistor and to the first secondary winding terminal.

15. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the comparator circuit comprises a single comparator and the reference threshold comprises a single threshold.

16. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the reference threshold exhibits a hysteresis characteristic based on turning on and off of the field effect transistor.

17. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the comparator circuit comprises two comparators coupled to the reference threshold.

18. The circuit of claim 12, wherein the comparator circuit comprises first and second comparators, the first comparator coupled to the reference threshold and the second comparator coupled to a second reference threshold.

19. The circuit of claim 10, further comprising an acquisition circuit block coupled to the PWM signal generator, wherein the acquisition circuit block is sensitive to field effect transistor turn off times, the acquisition circuit block coupled to the sense terminal and configured to sense the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor with a delay relative to field effect transistor turn off times.

20. The circuit of claim 19, further comprising an adaptive network coupled to the acquisition circuit block, the adaptive network configured to control the field effect transistor turn off times as a function of the drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor sensed with the delay at the acquisition circuit block.

21. A method of driving a field effect transistor that has a channel between source and drain terminals and a gate terminal that is configured to control electrical current flow in the field effect transistor channel, the method comprising:

sensing a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor;

comparing a drain-to-source voltage of the field effect transistor with a reference threshold;

detecting alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold by the drain-to-source voltage; and

driving the gate terminal of the field effect transistor by turning the field effect transistor on and off as a result of the alternate downward and upward crossings of the reference threshold by the drain-to-source voltage, the driving causing a rectified current flow in the field effect transistor channel.