A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARCHITECTURED ANODE, A DIRECT CARBON FUEL CELL INCLUDING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARCHITECTURED ANODE, AND RELATED METHODS

• US 20200136151A1
• Filed: 07/18/2018
• Published: 04/30/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 07/19/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Battelle Energy Alliance LLC (Battelle Memorial Institute)
• Original Assignee: Battelle Energy Alliance LLC (Battelle Memorial Institute)
• Inventors: Ding, Dong, He, Ting, Wu, Wei
• Granted Patent: US 11,342,564 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/147 Fuel cells with molten carbonates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0074 Ion conductive at high temperature
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8817 Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition coated porous composites H01M8/0245
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/8885 Sintering or firing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9016 Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9025 Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9033 Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/9066 of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0232 Metals or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1009 with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged H01M8/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1233 with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1246 the electrolyte consisting of oxides
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/141 the anode and the cathode being gas-permeable electrodes or electrode layers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A method of fabricating a three-dimensional (3D) architectured anode. The method comprises immersing a fabric textile in a precursor solution, the precursor solution comprising a nickel salt and gadolinium doped ceria (GDC). The nickel salt and GDC are absorbed to the fabric textile. The fabric textile comprising the absorbed nickel salt and GDC is removed from the precursor solution and calcined to form a 3D architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and GDC. Additional methods and a direct carbon fuel cell including the 3D architectured anode are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of fabricating a three-dimensional architectured anode comprising:

immersing a fabric textile in a precursor solution comprising a nickel salt and gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) to absorb the nickel salt and GDC to the fabric textile;

removing the fabric textile comprising the absorbed nickel salt and GDC from the precursor solution; and

calcining the fabric textile to form a three-dimensional architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and GDC.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein immersing a fabric textile in a precursor solution comprises immersing a carbon-based textile in the precursor solution.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein immersing a fabric textile in a precursor solution comprises immersing a cotton fabric in the precursor solution.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein immersing a fabric textile in a precursor solution comprises immersing the fabric textile in a nickel nitrate-gadolinium doped ceria precursor solution.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein calcining the fabric textile comprises heating the fabric textile comprising the absorbed nickel salt and GDC at 750°

C. for at least 4 hours.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein calcining the fabric textile comprises forming hollow fibers of nickel oxide-gadolinium doped ceria.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein calcining the fabric textile comprises forming porous, hollow fibers of nickel oxide-gadolinium doped ceria.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the three-dimensional architectured anode into a shape.

9. A method of forming a direct carbon fuel cell, comprising:

forming a three-dimensional architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) on a first surface of an electrolyte;

applying a fuel to the three-dimensional architectured anode; and

forming a strontium-doped samarium cobaltite-GCD cathode on a second surface of the electrolyte.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein forming a three-dimensional architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and GDC on a first surface of an electrolyte comprises forming the three-dimensional architecture anode on the first surface of a carbonate-CDC electrolyte.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein forming a three-dimensional architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and GDC on a first surface of an electrolyte comprises forming the three-dimensional architecture anode on the first surface of a Gd:

CeO₂—

Li/Na₂CO₃ electrolyte.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein forming a three-dimensional architectured anode comprising nickel oxide and GDC on a first surface of an electrolyte comprises bonding the electrolyte and the three-dimensional architectured anode.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein bonding the electrolyte and the three-dimensional architectured anode comprises applying a binder to the electrolyte and the three-dimensional architectured anode.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein applying a fuel to the three-dimensional architectured anode comprises applying a carbon fuel to the three-dimensional architectured anode.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein applying a fuel to the three-dimensional architectured anode comprises applying a hydrogen fuel or a hydrocarbon fuel to the three-dimensional architectured anode.

16. A direct carbon fuel cell comprising:

a carbonate-gadolinium doped ceria electrolyte;

a three-dimensional architectured anode on a first side of the carbonate-gadolinium doped ceria electrolyte;

a fuel in the three-dimensional architectured anode; and

a cathode comprising a strontium-doped samarium cobaltite-gadolinium doped ceria material on a second side of the carbonate-gadolinium doped ceria electrolyte.

17. The direct carbon fuel cell of claim 16, wherein the three-dimensional architectured anode is a nickel oxide-gadolinium doped ceria three-dimensional architectured anode.

18. The direct carbon fuel cell of claim 16, wherein the fuel comprises carbon, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbon.

19. The direct carbon fuel cell of claim 16, wherein the carbonate-gadolinium doped ceria electrolyte is configured as a pellet.