SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RAPID CHARGING LITHIUM ION BATTERY

• US 20200136173A1
• Filed: 10/23/2019
• Published: 04/30/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 10/26/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Auburn University, Auburn University-Office Of Innovation Advancement And Commercialization, Hyundai Motor Company (Hyundai Motor Group), Kia Motors Corporation (Kia Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Hyundai Motor Company (Hyundai Motor Group)
• Inventors: HONG, Sungmin, SONG, Minseok, CHOE, Song-Yul
• Granted Patent: US 11,283,103 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00712 the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A system and method for rapid lithium ion battery charging are provided. The method for rapid charging a lithium ion battery may include generating a reduced order electrochemical model (ROM) of the lithium ion battery in which a state-of-charge (SOC) model, a side reaction model and a degradation model are embedded. The method may further include calculating an SOC, a side reaction rate, and a lithium plating rate from the ROM. The method may further include generating a charging protocol based on the SOC and a required SOC, and applying the charging protocol to the lithium ion battery.

Claims

1. A method for rapid charging a lithium ion battery, comprising:

generating a reduced order electrochemical model (ROM) of the lithium ion battery in which a state-of-charge (SOC) model, a side reaction model and a degradation model are embedded;

calculating an SOC, a side reaction rate, and a lithium plating rate from the ROM;

generating a charging protocol based on the SOC and a required SOC; and

applying the charging protocol to the lithium ion battery.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the charging protocol comprises:

calculating a charging rate (C rate) based on the calculated SOC and the required SOC from a predetermined SOC and C rate relationship; and

applying the charging protocol to the lithium ion battery comprises performing a constant current (CC) charging with the calculated C rate.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:

when the CC charging with the calculated C rate is performed, determining whether at least one of the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate or a terminal voltage reaches a predetermined threshold;

when at least one of the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate or the terminal voltage is determined to reach the predetermined threshold, recalculating the C rate based on the calculated SOC and the required SOC from the predetermined SOC and C rate relationship; and

performing the CC charging with the recalculated C rate.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

correcting the ROM with an extended Kalman filter (EKF).

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:

calculating a lithium stripping rate from the ROM; and

updating the predetermined SOC and C rate relationship based on the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate, and the lithium stripping rate.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises:

when the calculated SOC is lower than or equal to a predetermined SOC while performing the CC charging with the calculated C rate, applying negative pulses with a constant negative current.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein applying the negative pulses with the constant negative current further comprises:

applying a constant positive current corresponding to the calculated C rate to the lithium ion battery for a first period; and

applying a constant negative current to the lithium ion battery for a second period.

8. A method for rapid charging a lithium ion battery, comprising:

(a) generating a reduced order electrochemical model (ROM) of the lithium ion battery in which a state-of-charge (SOC) model, a side reaction model and a degradation model are embedded;

(b) calculating an SOC, a side reaction rate, a lithium plating rate, and a lithium stripping rate from the ROM;

(c) performing a constant current (CC) charging with a maximum charging (C) rate;

(d) determining whether at least one of the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate or a terminal voltage reaches a predetermined threshold;

(e) recalculating a C rate based on the calculated SOC and a required SOC from a predetermined SOC and C rate relationship; and

(f) performing the CC charging with the recalculated C rate.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step (b) to the step (f) are repeated until reaching the required SOC.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step (a) comprises:

correcting the ROM using an extended Kalman filter (EKF).

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the step (e) comprises:

updating the predetermined SOC and C rate relationship based on the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate, and the lithium stripping rate.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises:

when the calculated SOC is lower than or equal to a predetermined SOC in the step (c) and the step (f), applying negative pulses with a constant negative current.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein applying the negative pulses with the constant negative current further comprises:

applying a constant positive current corresponding to the calculated C rate to the lithium ion battery for a first period; and

applying a constant negative current to the lithium ion battery for a second period.

14. A system for rapid charging a lithium ion battery, comprising:

a charger configured to apply current to the lithium ion battery; and

a controller configured to;

generate a reduced order electrochemical model (ROM) of the lithium ion battery in which a state-of-charge (SOC) model, a side reaction model and a degradation model are embedded;

calculate a SOC, a side reaction rate, and a lithium plating rate from the ROM;

generate a charging protocol based on the SOC and a required SOC; and

apply the charging protocol to the lithium ion battery through the charger.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is further configured to:

calculate a charging rate (C rate) based on the calculated SOC and the required SOC from a predetermined SOC and C rate relationship; and

perform a constant current (CC) charging with the calculated C rate.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:

determine whether at least one of the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate or a terminal voltage reaches a predetermined threshold when the CC charging with the calculated C rate is performed;

recalculate the C rate based on the calculated SOC and the required SOC from the predetermined SOC and C rate relationship when at least one of the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate or a terminal voltage is determined to reach the predetermined threshold; and

perform the CC charging with the recalculated C rate.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to:

correct the ROM with an extended Kalman filter (EKF).

18. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:

calculate a lithium stripping rate from the ROM; and

update the predetermined SOC and C rate relationship based on the side reaction rate, the lithium plating rate, and the lithium stripping rate.

19. The system of claim 15, wherein the controller is further configured to:

apply negative pulses with a constant negative current when the calculated SOC is lower than or equal to a predetermined SOC while performing the CC charging with the calculated C rate.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the controller, when the negative pulses with the constant negative current is applied, is further configured to:

apply a constant positive current corresponding to the calculated C rate to the lithium ion battery for a first period; and

apply a constant negative current to the lithium ion battery for a second period.