LITHIUM BATTERY

• US 20200136174A1
• Filed: 10/25/2019
• Published: 04/30/2020
• Est. Priority Date: 10/26/2018
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung SDI Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung SDI Company Limited
• Inventors: PARK, Insun, KOH, Myongchun, KIM, Dongyoung, SEO, Jinah, CHUNG, Yeonji
• Granted Patent: US 11,527,773 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• CPC Class Codes: C07C 211/21 Monoamines
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 5/04 Esters of boric acids
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 7/0805 comprising only Si, C or H atoms
• CPC Class Codes: C07F 9/65742 non-condensed with carbocyclic rings or heterocyclic rings or ring systems
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2004/028 Positive electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0025 Organic electrolyte
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/364 as mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/386 Silicon or alloys based on silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/525 of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/625 Carbon or graphite
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A lithium battery including: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolyte between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material represented by Formula 1,

Li_xNi_yM_1−yO_2-zA_z  Formula 1

• • wherein 0.95≤x≤1.2, 0.75≤y≤0.98, and 0≤z<0.2,
  • M is Al, Mg, Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Bi, or a combination thereof, and
  • A is an element having an oxidation number of −1, −2, or −3,
  • wherein each element of M is independently present in an amount of 0.02≤y≤0.3,
  • wherein a total content of M is 0.02≤y≤0.3;
    and
  • wherein the electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a diallyl compound represented by Formula 2,

• • wherein L₁ and L₂ are each independently a single bond, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group.

Claims

1. A lithium battery comprising:

a cathode;

an anode; and

an electrolyte between the cathode and the anode,

wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material represented by Formula 1,

Li_xNi_yM<sub>1−

y</sub>O_2-zA_z 

 

Formula 1

wherein 0.9≤

x≤

1.2, 0.7≤

y≤

0.98, and 0≤

z<

0.2,

M is Al, Mg, Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Bi, or a combination thereof, and

A is an element having an oxidation number of −

1, −

2, or −

3,

wherein each element of M is independently present in an amount of 0.02≤

y≤

0.3, wherein a total content of M is 0.02≤

y≤

0.3;

and

wherein the electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a diallyl compound represented by Formula 2,

2. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein an amount of the diallyl compound is about 0.05 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the electrolyte.

3. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the diallyl compound is a compound represented by Formula 3, Formula 4, or a combination thereof, wherein

4. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the diallyl compound is a compound represented by Formula 5, Formula 6, or a combination thereof, wherein

5. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the lithium salt includes LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiCF₃SO₃, Li(CF₃SO₂)₂N, LiC₂F₅SO₃, Li(FSO₂)₂N, LiC₄F₉SO₃, LiN(SO₂CF₂CF₃)₂, compounds represented by Formulae 22 to 25, or a combination thereof, wherein

6. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein a concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is about 1 molar to about 1.5 molar.

7. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the non-aqueous solvent is dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or a combination thereof.

8. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the electrolyte comprises a cyclic carbonate compound, a cyclic acid anhydride compound, a phosphorus containing compound, a sulfur containing compound, or a combination thereof.

9. The lithium battery of claim 8,

wherein the electrolyte includes a cyclic carbonate compound, a cyclic acid anhydride compound, or a combination thereof, and

the diallyl compound has a reduction potential which is greater than a reduction potential of cyclic carbonate compound or a reduction potential of the cyclic acid anhydride compound.

10. The lithium battery of claim 9,

wherein an amount of the cyclic carbonate compound, the cyclic acid anhydride compound, or the combination thereof is about 0.1 parts by weight to about 30 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the electrolyte.

11. The lithium battery of claim 8,

wherein the cyclic carbonate compound is fluoro-ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), or a combination thereof, and

wherein the cyclic acid anhydride compound is maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, or a combination thereof.

12. The lithium battery of claim 8,

wherein the phosphorus containing compound is a phosphine compound, a phosphate compound, a phosphite compound, or a combination thereof, and

wherein the sulfur containing compound is a sulfone compound, a sulfonate compound, a sultone compound, a disulfonate compound, or a combination thereof.

13. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein, in Formula 1, y satisfies 0.8≤

y≤

0.98.

14. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein, in Formula 1, M is Co, Mn, or a combination thereof.

15. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the cathode active material is represented by Formula 7 or 8, wherein

Li_x′

Ni_yCo<sub>1−

y′

−

z′</sub>

Al_z′

O₂ 

 

Formula 7

Li_x′

Ni_y′

Co<sub>1−

y′

−

z″</sub>

Mn_z′

O₂ 

 

Formula 8

wherein, in Formulae 7 and 8, x′

, y′

, and z′

are each independently 0.9≤

x′

≤

1.2, 0.88≤

y′

≤

0.98, 0<

z′

<

0.1, and 0<

1−

y′

−

z′

<

0.12.

16. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the cathode active material comprises Li_1.02Ni_0.88Co_0.08Mn_0.04O₂, Li_1.02Ni_0.88Co_0.10Mn_0.02O₂, Li_1.02Ni_0.91Co_0.06Mn_0.03O₂, LiNi_0.94Co_0.04Mn_0.02O₂, LiNi_0.88Co_0.10Mn_0.02O₂, LiNi_0.88Co_0.08Mn_0.04O₂, Li_1.02Ni_0.88Co_0.08Al_0.04O₂, Li_1.02Ni_0.88Co_0.10Al_0.02O₂, Li_1.02Ni_0.91Co_0.06Al_0.03O₂, LiNi_0.94Co_0.04Al_0.02O₂, or a combination thereof.

17. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the anode includes an anode active material, and

wherein the anode active material comprises a silicon containing compound, a carbon containing compound, a composite of a silicon containing compound and a carbon containing compound, a silicon oxide of the formula SiO_x1 wherein 0<

x1<

2, or a combination thereof.

18. The lithium battery of claim 17,

wherein the anode active material comprises a silicon containing compound or a silicon oxide, and

wherein the silicon containing compound comprises silicon particles with an average particle diameter of 200 nanometers or less.

19. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the lithium battery has a capacity retention of 75% or more after 200 cycles of charging and discharging at 25°

C.

20. The lithium battery of claim 1,

wherein the lithium battery has a cell energy density of 500 watt-hours per liter or more.