SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE WELL SIZE INTEGRATION
First Claim
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1. An integration circuit, the integration circuit comprising:
- an input configured to carry an input current;
a first well comprising an input, an output, and a first integration capacitor configured to collect the input current, wherein a first well voltage changes proportionally to the input current over an integration time;
a second well comprising an input, an output, and a second integration capacitor configured to collect the input current, wherein a second well voltage changes proportionally to the input current over an integration time and wherein said second well input begins to collect a charge from the input current when the first well voltage approaches a predetermined level;
a reset switch electrically connected between the input and output of said second well;
a gain control transistor electrically connected between the output of said second well and the output of said first well and configured to allow charge to be integrated on said second well when the first well is full;
a first sampling switch electrically connected to the first well;
a first voltage-measuring device electrically connected to said first sampling switch, such that charge flows through said first sampling switch into said first voltage-measuring device upon closure of said first sampling switch;
a second sampling switch electrically connected to said first well; and
a second voltage-measuring device electrically connected to said second sampling switch, such that charge flows through said second sampling switch into said second voltage-measuring device upon closure of said second sampling switch.
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Abstract
An integration circuit having multiple wells that allow for the simultaneous storage of charge during an integration interval and techniques for using the same provide benefits in dynamic range that enhance the performance of pixels. The circuit and techniques described herein could also be used in many different infrared focal plane array applications where higher dynamic range is desired and multiple gain state outputs are allowed.
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20 Claims
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1. An integration circuit, the integration circuit comprising:
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an input configured to carry an input current; a first well comprising an input, an output, and a first integration capacitor configured to collect the input current, wherein a first well voltage changes proportionally to the input current over an integration time; a second well comprising an input, an output, and a second integration capacitor configured to collect the input current, wherein a second well voltage changes proportionally to the input current over an integration time and wherein said second well input begins to collect a charge from the input current when the first well voltage approaches a predetermined level; a reset switch electrically connected between the input and output of said second well; a gain control transistor electrically connected between the output of said second well and the output of said first well and configured to allow charge to be integrated on said second well when the first well is full; a first sampling switch electrically connected to the first well; a first voltage-measuring device electrically connected to said first sampling switch, such that charge flows through said first sampling switch into said first voltage-measuring device upon closure of said first sampling switch; a second sampling switch electrically connected to said first well; and a second voltage-measuring device electrically connected to said second sampling switch, such that charge flows through said second sampling switch into said second voltage-measuring device upon closure of said second sampling switch. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. An integration circuit, the integration circuit comprising:
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an operational amplifier comprising a non-inverting positive input, a non-inverting negative input, and an output; a first well having an input and an output, wherein said first well input is electrically connected to the inverting negative input of said operational amplifier and said first well output is electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier; a second well having an input and an output, wherein said second well input is electrically connected the non-inverting negative input of said operational amplifier and said second well output is electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier, wherein said first well and said second well are connected in parallel; a reset switch electrically connected between the input and output of said second well; a gain control switch electrically connected between the output of said second well and the output of said first well; a first sampling switch electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier; a first charge-measuring device electrically connected to said first sampling switch, such that charge flows through the first sampling switch into the first charge-measuring device upon closure of the first sampling switch; a second sampling switch electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier; and a second charge-measuring device electrically connected to said second sampling switch, such that charge flows through the second sampling switch into the second charge-measuring device upon closure of the second sampling switch. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A method of operating an integration circuit, the method comprising:
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on an integration circuit comprising; an operational amplifier comprising a non-inverting positive input, a non-inverting negative input, and an output; a first well having an input and an output, wherein said first well input is electrically connected to the inverting negative input of said operational amplifier and said first well output is electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier; a second well having an input and an output, wherein said second well input is electrically connected the non-inverting negative input of said operational amplifier and said second well output is electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier, wherein said first well and said second well are connected in parallel; a reset switch electrically connected between the input and output of said second well; a gain control field effect transistor having a source, a drain, and a gate, wherein said source and drain are connected between the outputs of said first and second wells and said gate is electrically connected to a source of voltage proportional to a charge on said first well, wherein said gate is configured to allow charge to flow between said drain and source upon a threshold voltage indicative of said first well nearing saturation, thereby allowing charge to flow to said second well; a first sampling switch electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier; a first charge-measuring device electrically connected to said first sampling switch, such that charge flows through the first sampling switch into the first charge-measuring device upon closure of the first sampling switch; a second sampling switch electrically connected to the output of said operational amplifier; and a second charge-measuring device electrically connected to said second sampling switch, such that charge flows through the second sampling switch into the second charge-measuring device upon closure of the second sampling switch; wherein said integration circuit is electrically connected to a source of current to be measured over an integration interval; integrating a current over an integration interval by; applying a voltage in excess of the threshold voltage to the gain control field effect transistor, thereby enabling current to flow between the source and drain thereof; closing the reset switch, thereby resetting said first and second wells; removing said voltage from said gate of said gain control field effect transistor; opening said reset switch, thereby allowing charge to build on said first well; wherein, if said first well approaches saturation charge flows through said gain control field effect transistor, allowing integration to continue on said second well; sampling said first well by disconnecting said threshold voltage from said gate of said gain control field effect transistor, if a threshold voltage was applied during the integration interval, and closing said first sampling switch, thereby allowing charge from said first well to flow into said first charge measuring device; and if a threshold voltage was applied to the gate of said gain control field effect transistor during the integration interval, opening said second sampling switch and applying a threshold voltage to said gate of said gain control field effect transistor, thereby allowing charge to equalize between said first and second wells and to flow into said second charge-measuring device. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification