ELECTRODE, HALF CELL AND ELECTRODE COMPONENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
First Claim
2. solid phase of a sparingly soluble salt of a metal identical with a surface metal of said conductor means, and
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Abstract
An electrode, half cell and electrode component for the measurement of electromotive force, wherein during application a conductor surface of a solid metal contacts ions of a sparingly soluble salt of the same metal and ions of a readily soluble salt, the anion of which is identical with the anion of the sparingly soluble salt. By providing sufficient amounts of a solid phase of both kinds of salts, such that the solid phase of both salts is still present in the electrode component or half cell at the maximum operating temperature, the solution contacting the conductor surface is saturated with respect to both types of salts at any operating temperature, whereby temperature hysteresis is avoided.
20 Citations
25 Claims
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2. solid phase of a sparingly soluble salt of a metal identical with a surface metal of said conductor means, and
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3. An electrode component according to claim 2, wherein the cation of the readily soluble salt is an alkali metal ion.
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4. a solution filling the interstices of said porous body and communicating with the surface metal of the conductor means, said solution being saturated with respect to said sparingly soluble salt as well as said readily soluble salt, said salts being positioned in relation to the conductor means and being present in solid phase in such amounts that the solution cOmmunicating with the conductor means remains saturated with respect to both of said salts at any operating temperature;
- B. a communicating electrolyte contacting said half cell; and
C. a container for said communicating electrolyte, said container having a wall section permitting communication between the communicating electrolyte and an exterior substantially liquid material.
- B. a communicating electrolyte contacting said half cell; and
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5. An electrode component according to claim 1, wherein said solid phases of said salts form a porous coherent unitary body contacting the surface metal of the conductor means.
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6. An electrode component according to claim 5, wherein the conductor means is a coherent nonporous body.
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7. An electrode component according to claim 5, wherein the conductor means comprise mutually contacting metal particles.
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8. An electrode component according to claim 1, further comprising a saturated solution of said salts and walls of an inert material defining a chamber which contains said conductor means and the said solid phases of said salts together with the saturated solution of said salts, said chamber walls having means permitting communication between the chamber contents and a substantially liquid material outside said chamber.
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9. A half cell for measuring electromotive force comprising:
- walls of an inert material defining a chamber, a mixture contained in said chamber, and conductor means of solid metal, a surface of said conductor means being exposed to said mixture, which mixture comprises;
a. solid phase of a sparingly soluble salt of a metal identical with said surface metal exposed to the mixture, b. a saturated solution of said sparingly soluble salt and of a readily soluble salt, the anion of which is identical with the anion of the said sparingly soluble salt, and c. solid phase of said readily soluble salt, the amount of solid phase of said sparingly soluble salt as well as said readily soluble salt in said mixture being sufficient so that the solid phase of both salts is still present in said chamber at the maximum operating temperature at which the half cell is intended to be used, whereby the surface of said conductor means during operation communicates with a saturated solution of both of said salts at any operating temperature, and further comprising means permitting communication between said mixture and a substantially liquid material exterior to said chamber.
- walls of an inert material defining a chamber, a mixture contained in said chamber, and conductor means of solid metal, a surface of said conductor means being exposed to said mixture, which mixture comprises;
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10. A half cell according to claim 9, wherein the saturated solution is an aqueous solution.
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11. A half cell according to claim 10, wherein the conductor surface metal is silver, and the sparingly soluble salt is selected from the group consisting of silver chloride, silver bromide, and silver iodide.
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12. A half cell according to claim 11, wherein the cation of the readily soluble salt is an alkali metal ion.
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13. A half cell according to claim 12, wherein the salt anion is the chloride anion, and the cAtion of the readily soluble salt is the potassium ion.
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14. A half cell according to claim 13, wherein the weight ratio of potassium chloride to silver chloride is greater than 1:
- 10, preferably greater than 1;
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- 10, preferably greater than 1;
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15. A half cell according to claim 14, wherein the mixture comprises 10 - 20 percent by weight of water, 15 - 45 percent by weight of potassium chloride, and 40 - 60 percent by weight of silver chloride.
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16. A half cell according to claim 15, wherein the mixture comprises approximately 15 percent by weight of water, approximately 35 percent by weight of potassium chloride, and approximately 50 percent by weight of silver chloride.
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17. A half cell according to claim 9, wherein said communication means comprise a diaphragm in said chamber walls.
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18. An electrode comprising a half cell according to claim 17, a communicating electrolyte contacting said diaphragm and a container for said electrolyte having a wall section permitting communication between the communicating electrolyte and an exterior substantially liquid material.
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19. An electrode according to claim 18, wherein the communicating electrolyte contains solid phase of the readily soluble salt in a sufficient amount so that the solid phase of said salt is still present in the electrolyte at the maximum operating temperature at which the electrode is intended to be used.
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20. An electrode according to claim 19, wherein the communicating electrolyte further contains solid phase of the sparingly soluble salt in a sufficient amount so that the solid phase of said salt is still present in the electrolyte at the maximum operating temperature at which the electrode is intended to be used.
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21. An electrode according to claim 18, wherein the wall section permitting communication between the communicating electrolyte and the exterior substantially liquid material is a diaphragm.
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22. An electrode according to claim 18, wherein the wall section permitting communication between the communicating electrolyte and the exterior substantially liquid material is a specific ion membrane.
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23. An electrode comprising an electrode component according to claim 1.
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24. In a silver/silver halide half cell for the measurement of electromotive force and comprising a conductor having a silver surface, solid silver halide selected from the group consisting of silver chloride, silver bromide and silver iodide, and a solution of said silver halide and of a readily soluble halide, the anion of which is identical with the halide anion of the silver halide, said silver surface being exposed to said solid silver halide and said solution, the improvement that said solution contains solid phase of said readily soluble halide in a sufficient amount so that the solid phase of said halide is still present in the solution at the maximum operating temperature at which the electrode is to be used, whereby the said silver surface communicates with a solution which is saturated with respect to the readily soluble halide at any operating temperature.
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25. An electrode for measuring electromotive force comprising:
- A. a half cell comprising;
- A. a half cell comprising;
Specification