PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THERMAL CRACKING OF HYDROCARBONS
First Claim
2. A method for producing olefins by the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, comprising transferring a granular heat carrier, at high temperature, from a regenerator into a juxtaposed reaction column, maintaining the granular heat carrier, in the reaction column, in a concentrated floatable fluidized layer state by feeding superheated steam thereinto, feeding the raw material hydrocarbon to be thermally cracked into the upper part of the fluidized layer in the reaction column, feeding gaseous hydrocarbons or distilled oils into a reactor through a connecting part between the reactor and the top of the reaction column, to be thermally cracked under dilute fluidized layer conditions by means of the high temperature of the thermally cracked gas blown up into the reactor from the fluidized layer in the reaction column and the heat carried by the fine heat carrier accompanying the gas, thus simultaneously cooling all of the thermally cracked gas and recovering it with high efficiency by preventing the secondary reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbon produced in the fluidized layer in the reaction column, transferring the granular heat carrier from the reaction column into the regeneratoR, maintaining the granular heat carrier, in the regenerator, in a concentrated fluidized layer state, feeding air or fuel into the regenerator, burning the granular heat carrier in the upper part of the regenerator under concentrated floatable fluidized layer conditions, feeding air into a combustion and heating chamber through a connecting part between the combustion and heating chamber and the top of the regenerator, to burn combustible gas and fine powdery coke attached to the heat-carrying particles blown up into the combustion and heating chamber under dilute fluidized layer conditions from the regenerator, dropping the coarse coke grains produced in the combustion and heating chamber into the regenerator to thereby recover the heat generated in the combustion and heating chamber, and transferring the granular heat carrier regenerated and heated by said combustion into the reaction column.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Apparatus is provided for thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, which comprises a reaction column A having a reactor attached thereto, and a regenerator B having a combustion and heating chamber attached thereto (see FIG. 1), wherein the reaction column has a large diameter in the upward portion thereof and smaller diameter in the downward portion thereof, the reactor, using a dilute fluidized layer, being connected with the top of the reaction column, and on the other hand the regenerator has a large diameter in the upward portion thereof and a smaller diameter in the downward portion thereof, the combustion and heating chamber, using a dilute fluidized layer, being connected with the top of the regenerator. Means are provided for connecting the upper part of the reaction column to the lowermost portion of the regenerator, and similar means are provided for connecting the upper part of the regenerator to the lowermost portion of the reaction column. A refractory material maintained under concentrated, floatable, fluidized conditions is caused to circulate between the regenerator and reaction column as heat carrier, and to come in contact with hydrocarbons introduced into the reaction column, wherein thermal cracking results in the production of lower hydrocarbons. Means are provided for the thermal isolation of the reactor and reaction column, and similarly for the combustion and heating chamber and the regenerator. Also provided are means for the introduction of raw material hydrocarbons, steam, air and heat carrier into the apparatus. The apparatus is utilized in the thermal cracking of heavy hydrocarbons, resulting in the production of hydrocarbons of C1, C2, C3 and C4 types, especially ethylene.
10 Citations
5 Claims
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2. A method for producing olefins by the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, comprising transferring a granular heat carrier, at high temperature, from a regenerator into a juxtaposed reaction column, maintaining the granular heat carrier, in the reaction column, in a concentrated floatable fluidized layer state by feeding superheated steam thereinto, feeding the raw material hydrocarbon to be thermally cracked into the upper part of the fluidized layer in the reaction column, feeding gaseous hydrocarbons or distilled oils into a reactor through a connecting part between the reactor and the top of the reaction column, to be thermally cracked under dilute fluidized layer conditions by means of the high temperature of the thermally cracked gas blown up into the reactor from the fluidized layer in the reaction column and the heat carried by the fine heat carrier accompanying the gas, thus simultaneously cooling all of the thermally cracked gas and recovering it with high efficiency by preventing the secondary reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbon produced in the fluidized layer in the reaction column, transferring the granular heat carrier from the reaction column into the regeneratoR, maintaining the granular heat carrier, in the regenerator, in a concentrated fluidized layer state, feeding air or fuel into the regenerator, burning the granular heat carrier in the upper part of the regenerator under concentrated floatable fluidized layer conditions, feeding air into a combustion and heating chamber through a connecting part between the combustion and heating chamber and the top of the regenerator, to burn combustible gas and fine powdery coke attached to the heat-carrying particles blown up into the combustion and heating chamber under dilute fluidized layer conditions from the regenerator, dropping the coarse coke grains produced in the combustion and heating chamber into the regenerator to thereby recover the heat generated in the combustion and heating chamber, and transferring the granular heat carrier regenerated and heated by said combustion into the reaction column.
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3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the heat carrier is selected from the group consisting of coke, sand and refractory particles having an average grain size of from 0.2 to 10 mm.
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4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the heat carrier is coke having a grain size of from 0.2 to 5 mm.
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5. A method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature in the reaction column is maintained within a range of about 700*C to about 900*C, the temperature in the reactor is maintained within a range of about 500*C to about 700*C, the temperature in the regenerator is maintained within a range of about 900*C to about 1,050*C, and the temperature in the combustion and heating chamber is maintained within a range of about 1,050*C to about 1, 200*C.
Specification