METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

• US 3,709,222 A
• Filed: 12/28/1970
• Issued: 01/09/1973
• Est. Priority Date: 12/28/1970
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: James H. Devries
• Inventors: DeVries, James H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Truluck, Dalton L.
• Application Number:
  US05/101,636
• Time in Patent Office: 743 Days
• Field of Search: 128/213,214R,214B,214F,214.2,230 137/564,5,565,567 417/349,395
• US Class Current: 604/28
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/152 Details related to the interface between cassette and machine
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1562 Details of incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/159 specially adapted for peritoneal dialysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1639 linked by membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/28 Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/282 Operational modes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/72 Cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/741 with means for varying suction manually
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/77 Suction-irrigation systems aspiration tips supplying fluids A61M1/85; specific for negative pressure wound therapy A61M1/92; combined with tracheal tubes A61M16/0463
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit

Abstract

A method and apparatus for automatic peritoneal dialysis which includes a series of steps for the exchange of dialysate which proportions the in-flow to the out-flow and provides for the elimination of any distressing in-flow or out-flow pressures on the patient and any abnormal build-up of fluid quantity in the patient. The apparatus includes a portable bed-side unit which carries the necessary pumps and valves for the automatic cycle and includes a disposable plastic sheet unit supported on the apparatus which is positioned such that pumps and valves in the apparatus can operate on this unit when in place.

Claims

1. A method of automatic cycling of peritoneal dialysis which comprises:

a. introducing a metered quantity of dialysate into a patient, b. providing a metered quantity of fresh dialysate in a first expansible, contractible, volumetric container, c. providing a second expansible, contractible, volumetric container adjacent the first container, d. confining the first and second containers within a nonexpansible volumetric housing, e. transferring a quantity of dialysate from the patient to the second container to cause ensmalling of said first container, and f. introducing fresh dialysate thus forced from said first container into the patient.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 which includes interposing a third expansible-contractible container between the first container and the patient, and positioning the third container relative to the patient to cause gravity flow of dialysate from the third container to the patient.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 which includes interposing a return chamber between the patient and the second chamber, moving dialysate from the patient to the return chamber, and subsequently moving dialysate from the return chamber to the second chamber.

4. A method as defined in claim 2 which includes interposing a return chamber between the patient and the second chamber, moving dialysate from the patient to the return chamber, and subsequently moving dialysate from the return chamber to the second chamber.

5. A method as defined in claim 1 which includes providing a waste receptacle, and intermittently discharging returned dialysate to said waste chamber from said second chamber subsequent to introduction of the said dialysate into the second chamber.

6. An apparatus for automatic cycling of peritoneal dialysis which comprisEs:

a. a support to be positioned at the bedside of a patient, b. means on said support for holding a supply of fresh dialysate, c. a first expansible, contractible container on said support for receiving fresh dialysate from said supply, d. a second expansible, contractible container on said support directly adjacent said first container, e. a fixed volumetric chamber on said support confining the expansion of said first and second containers, f. first means to flow dialysate to and from a patient, and g. second means selectively operable to connect said first means to said second container to permit flow from a patient to said second container, and to permit flow from said first container to a patient.

7. An apparatus as defined in claim 6 in which:

a. said second means includes a pressure relief chamber positionable above the patient having an inlet connected to said first chamber and an outlet connectable to a patient.

8. An apparatus as defined in claim 6 in which:

a. said second means includes a return chamber to receive return flow to dialysate from said first means, and b. third means to move return dialysate from said return chamber to said second chamber to force fresh dialysate from said first chamber to said first means.

9. An apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said third means includes:

a. a pump connected in a line leading from said return chamber, b. a float valve in said line at the bottom of said return chamber to momentarily close said line when the return chamber is empty, and c. a vacuum responsive envelope in said line operable to stop said pump upon emptying of said return chamber.

10. An apparatus as defined in claim 6 in which said second means includes:

a. a pump connected in a line leading from said first means, and b. a pressure relief means in said line to limit negative pressure in said first means.

11. An apparatus as defined in claim 10 in which said pump is a peristaltic pump having a positive displacement and a negative displacement cycle sequentially, and said pressure relief means comprises a collapsible envelope in said line leading from said first means.

12. An apparatus as defined in claim 6 in which:

a. a hydrostatically expanded pocket is provided in a line between the supply of fresh dialysate and said first container to respond to exhaustion of supply of fresh dialysate to interrupt the function of said second means.

13. An apparatus as defined in claim 6 in which said support includes a first panel, and said containers are formed from overlaid sheets of plastic supported on said panel and heat sealed in defined areas to form said containers.

14. An apparatus as defined in claim 13 in which a plurality of collapsible connector lines are heat sealed into said plastic sheets to provide flow lines for said apparatus.

15. An apparatus as defined in claim 14 in which a plurality of valve means are supported on said panel operable to squeeze said connector lines to a close-off position.

16. An apparatus as defined in claim 15 in which a cover panel overlies said panel, and said valves operate to squeeze said connector lines against said cover panel to achieve a close-off of said connector lines.

17. An apparatus as defined in claim 13 in which said fixed volumetric chamber is formed by a predetermined area of said panel, and a relatively rigid cover portion overlying said area.

18. An apparatus as defined in claim 7 in which said relief chamber is mounted on vertically adjustable means on said support to permit regulation of hydrostatic position relative to a supply of fresh dialysate.

19. An apparatus as defined in claim 8 in which said support comprises adjustable panel means for confining the walls of said return chamber to regulate its expansion as a control means in the cycling.

20. An apparatus as defined in claim 13 in which:

a. said second means includes a return chamber to receive return flow Of dialysate from said first means, b. third means to move return dialysate from said return chamber to said second chamber to force fresh dialysate from said first chamber to said first means, c. a cover panel is mounted on said support movable to a fixed position relative to said first panel, and d. a movable section is provided on said cover panel overlying said return chamber shiftable relative to said first panel to regulate the expansion of said return chamber as a control means in the cycling.

21. An apparatus as defined in claim 11 in which said pump has a plurality of rollers spaced circumferentially to provide a positive displacement cycle during only a portion of the rotative cycle of said pump.