INSULATING MATERIAL

• US 3,714,047 A
• Filed: 03/17/1970
• Issued: 01/30/1973
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1970
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Frank A. Marion, Hugh J. Mcspadden
• Original Assignee: Frank A. Marion, Hugh J. Mcspadden
• Inventors: Marion, Frank A., McSpadden, Hugh J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ansher, Harold
• Application Number:
  US05/020,431
• Time in Patent Office: 1,050 Days
• Field of Search: 252/8.1,7,62,3,4 260/2.5AJ 161/190,187,184,231,403
• US Class Current: 252/62
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 22/08 Acids or salts thereof C04B22/0013 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 24/04 Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 24/045 Esters, e.g. lactones
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 26/02 Macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 9/06 by a chemical blowing agent
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 81/00 Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of polysulfones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
• CPC Class Codes: C09D 5/18 Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
• CPC Class Codes: F16L 59/00 Thermal insulation in general
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 102/704 Coolants
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/921 Fire or flameproofing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/3154 Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31786 Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]

Abstract

This invention relates to self-extinguishing insulating compositions containing coolants which undergo endothermic decomposition when subjected to elevated temperature. The coolants are incorporated in various types of binder: One is combustible without leaving any solid residue. Another has the property of forming a foamed char to facilitate transpirational cooling at the heat-exposed surface. A third is incombustible. Various other substances, such as catalysts, oxidizers and plasticizers, may also be included.

Claims

1. An insulating composition constituting a polymerizable liquid capable of being cured to form a solid matrix and comprising a binder having uniformly dispersed therein a coolant substance capable of substantially complete endothermic decomposition at elevated temperatures above room temperatures to form gaseous products.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said binder is combustible to form gaseous products.

3. The composition of claim 1 additionally containing an oxidizing agent capable of decomposition at elevated temperatures above room temperatures to facilitate the oxidation of said binder.

4. The composition of claim 1 additionally containing a plasticizer for said binder, said plasticizer being combustible to form gaseous products.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein said binder is a polymerizable liquid capable of being cured to form a solid matrix.

6. The composition of claim 5 wherein the content of said coolant substance is in the range of above 0.5 to 4 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of said binder.

7. A self-extinguishing insulating composition, comprising an initially liquid polymerizable binder capable of being cured to form a solid matrix, a curing agent to polymerize said binder to the solid state, and a coolant substance capable of substantially complete endothermic decomposition at elevated temperatures above room temperatures to form gaseous products, said binder being combustible to form gaseous products without leaving a residue.

8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the content of said coolant substance is in the range of from about 0.5 to 4 parts per part by weight of said binder.

9. The composition of claim 7 wherein said coolant substance is selected from the group consisting of ammonium oxalate, oxalic acid and fumaric acid.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein said binder is selected from the group consisting of polysulfides, polyurethanes and epoxide resins.

11. A self-extinguishing insulating composition comprising a combustible binder constituting a polymerizable liquid capable of being cured to form a solid matrix and having ammonium oxalate uniformly dispersed therein at a level of from about 0.5 to 4 parts per part by weight of said binder.

12. The composition of claim 11 additionally containing a plasticizer for said binder, said plasticizer being combustible to form gaseous products without leaving a residue.

13. The composition of claim 11 wherein said binder is selected from the group consisting of polysulfides, polyurethanes and epoxide resins.

14. The composition of claim 13 additionally containing ammonium perchlorate to facilitate the oxidation of said binder.

15. An insulator, including the following substances:

a binder having properties of combusting at elevated temperatures and forming gases and constituting a polymerizable liquid capable of being cured to form a solid matrix;

a plasticizer having properties of combusting at elevated temperatures above room temperatures and forming gases;

a catalyst having properties of facilitating the curing of the binder and the combustion of the binder and the plasticizer; and

a coolant capable of substantially complete decomposition at elevated temperatures above room temperatures into gases in endothermic reaction when subjected to heat.

16. The insulator set forth in claim 15 wherein the coolant decomposes into gases which remain at the surface of the insulator to prevent the binder and the plasticizer from combusting after the application of heat to the insulator.

17. The insulator set forth in claim 16, further including an oxidizer having properties of decomposing to provide an oxidation of the binder and the plasticizer and to form gases in providing such decomposing.

18. An insulator including the following substances:

a binder constituting a polymerizable liquid and having a hydrocarbon chain and capable of being processed as a liquid and of being cured to form a solid and having properties of combusting at elevated temperatures without providing any residue;

a plasticizer constituting an ester and having properties of combusting at elevated temperatures above room temperatures without providing any residue;

a catalyst having properties of facilitating the curing of the binder and the oxidation of the binder and the plasticizer at the elevated temperatures; and

a coolant capable of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures above room temperatures and of providing endothermic reactions in such decomposition.

19. An insulator as set forth in claim 18, further including an oxidizer having properties of decomposing at the elevated temperatures to provide an oxidation of the binder and the plasticizer and to form gases in providing such decomposing.

20. The insulator set forth in claim 18 wherein the binder constitutes a material formed from a group consisting of polysulfides, polyurethanes, polybutadienes, polyester resins, and epoxides;

the plasticizer constitutes a material formed from a group consisting of triacetin, dibutyl phthalate, and high-boiling esters of polyfunctional alcohols; and

the coolant is formed from chemical groups consisting of oxalates, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, oxamide, carbamide and hydrazine compounds and carbamates.

21. An insulator including the following substances:

a binder constituting a polymerizable liquid and having a hydrocarbon chain and capable of being processed as a liquid and of being cured to form a solid and of combusting at elevated temperatures aBove room temperatures without providing any residue;

an oxidizer having properties of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures to provide an oxidation of the binder and to form gases in providing such decomposing; and

a coolant dispersed in the binder and capable of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures and of providing endothermic reactions in such decomposition.

22. An insulator including the following substances and having properties of decomposing and combusting only during the application of heat to the insulator;

a binder having a hydrocarbon chain and capable of being processed as a liquid and of being cured to form a solid and of combusting at elevated temperatures without providing any residue;

an oxidizer having properties of decomposing at the elevated temperatures to provide an oxidation of the binder and to form gases in providing such decomposing; and

a coolant dispersed in the binder and having properties of decomposing at the elevated temperatures and of providing endothermic reactions in such decomposition, the binder being a polysulfide, the oxidizer being ammonium perchlorate and the coolant being ammonium oxalate.

23. The insulator set forth in claim 22 wherein the polysulfide, the ammonium perchlorate and the ammonium oxalate respectively have approximate relative parts by weight of 1, one-half and 3.

24. The insulator set forth in claim 22 wherein the ammonium perchlorate has a range up to approximately 4 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of binder and the ammonium oxalate has a range of approximately one-half to 4 parts by weight to 1 part by weight of binder.

25. An insulator, including the following substances:

a binder constituting a polymerizable liquid and having properties of becoming cured from a liquid to a solid and of combusting at elevated temperatures above room temperatures without forming a liquid; and

a coolant dispersed in the binder and capable of substantially complete decomposition into gases at the elevated temperatures in an endothermic reaction.

26. The insulator set forth in claim 25, including, a curing agent for the binder.

27. The insulator set forth in claim 25, further including an oxidizer capable of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures above room temperatures to provide an oxidation of the binder and to form gases in such decomposition.

28. The insulator set forth in claim 25 wherein the binder constitutes a material formed from a group consisting of polysulfides, polyurethanes, polybutadienes and epoxides;

the coolant is formed from chemical groups consisting of oxalates, oxamide, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, carbamide and hydrazine compounds and carbamates.

29. The insulator set forth in claim 28 wherein oxidizer formed from a group consisting of perchlorates and nitrates is included in the insulator and is provided with properties of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures to provide an oxidation of the binder and to form gases in such decomposition.

30. An insulator for materials including the following substances;

a binder formed from a polymerizable liquid group consisting of polysulfides, polyurethanes, polybutadienes, polyester resins, and epoxides and having properties of combusting at elevated temperatures above room temperatures without forming any residues, the binder constituting approximately one (1) part by weight;

an oxidizer formed from a group consisting of chlorates, perchlorates, and nitrates and having properties of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures to provide an oxidizing of the binder and to form gases in providing such decomposing, the oxidizer constituting up to approximately four (4) parts by weight;

a coolant formed from a group consisting of oxalates, oxamides, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, carbamide and hydrazine compounds and Carbamates and capable of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures and of providing endothermic reactions in such decomposition, the coolant constituting approximately one-half to four parts by weight; and

a plasticizer formed from a group consisting of triacetin, dibutyl phthalate, and high boiling esters of polyhydric alcohols and having a weight up to approximately 30 percent of the binder by weight.

31. In an insulator including the following substances:

a binder formed from a polymerizable liquid group consisting of polysulfides, polyurethanes, polybutadienes, polyester resins, and epoxides having properties of combusting at elevated temperatures above room temperatures without forming any residues, the binder constituting approximately one (1) part by weight;

a coolant formed from a group consisting of ammonium oxalates, oxamides, carbamates, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, carbamide and hydrazine compounds and capable of substantially complete decomposition at the elevated temperatures above room temperatures and of providing endothermic reactions in such decomposition, the coolant constituting approximately three (3) parts by weight; and

a plasticizer formed from a group consisting of triacetin, dibutyl phthalate, and high boiling esters of polyhydric alcohols and having a weight up to approximately thirty percent (30%) of the binder by weight.