WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION EXPLOSIVE CONTAINING ENTRAPPED GAS
First Claim
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1. A cap-sensitive water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition comprising:
- a. about 1 to about 10 percent of a water-immiscible, emulsifiable carbonaceous fuel liquifiable at a temperature up to about 200* F., selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal, and insect waxes, petroleum oils, and vegetable oils;
b. about 55 to about 87 percent of an oxidizer comprising about 20 to about 95 percent ammonium nitrate, about 5 to about 40 percent of an other inorganic nitrate, up to about 60 percent ethylene diamine dinitrate, up to about 40 percent alkylamine nitrate or alkanolamine nitrate, and up to about 30 percent inorganic chlorate or perchlorate;
c. about 10 to about 25 percent water;
d. about one-half to about 2 percent water-in-oil emulsifier;
e. sufficient occluded gas or gas-entrapping material to give the composition a density of about 0.9 to about 1.40 gms./cc.; and
f. about 0.1 to about 15 percent of a detonation sensitizer comprising a water-soluble oxide, nitrate, halide, chromate, dichromate, and sulfate compound in which said compound contains a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, manganese, cobalt, nickel, lead, silver, mercury, copper, zinc, iron, and chromium.
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Abstract
A water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition comprising a carbonaceous fuel, an inorganic oxidizer, a detonation sensitizer, water, an emulsifier, and a gas. The detonation catalyst is an inorganic metal compound of atomic number 13 or greater, other than Groups Ia and IIa and other than dioxides. The detonation sensitizer greatly enhances the sensitivity of the compositions so that they are cap-sensitive, the preferred compositions being cap-sensitive in a 1-inch diameter cartridge.
29 Citations
15 Claims
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1. A cap-sensitive water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition comprising:
- a. about 1 to about 10 percent of a water-immiscible, emulsifiable carbonaceous fuel liquifiable at a temperature up to about 200* F., selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal, and insect waxes, petroleum oils, and vegetable oils;
b. about 55 to about 87 percent of an oxidizer comprising about 20 to about 95 percent ammonium nitrate, about 5 to about 40 percent of an other inorganic nitrate, up to about 60 percent ethylene diamine dinitrate, up to about 40 percent alkylamine nitrate or alkanolamine nitrate, and up to about 30 percent inorganic chlorate or perchlorate;
c. about 10 to about 25 percent water;
d. about one-half to about 2 percent water-in-oil emulsifier;
e. sufficient occluded gas or gas-entrapping material to give the composition a density of about 0.9 to about 1.40 gms./cc.; and
f. about 0.1 to about 15 percent of a detonation sensitizer comprising a water-soluble oxide, nitrate, halide, chromate, dichromate, and sulfate compound in which said compound contains a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, manganese, cobalt, nickel, lead, silver, mercury, copper, zinc, iron, and chromium.
- a. about 1 to about 10 percent of a water-immiscible, emulsifiable carbonaceous fuel liquifiable at a temperature up to about 200* F., selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal, and insect waxes, petroleum oils, and vegetable oils;
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2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said other inorganic nitrate is sodium nitrate.
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3. The composition of claim 1 wherein said oxidizer comprises about 55 to about 80 percent ammonium nitrate, about 5 to about 15 percent sodium nitrate, about 10 to about 35 percent ethylene diamine dinitrate, and about 5 to about 10 percent ammonium perchlorate.
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4. The composition of claim 1 wherein up to about 10 percent of an auxiliary fuel is included.
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5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said auxiliary fuel is aluminum or sulfur.
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6. The composition of claim 1 wherein about 0.25 to about 2.0 percent of a gelling agent is included.
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7. The composition of claim 6 wherein said gelling agent is guar gum.
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8. A cap-sensitive water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition comprising:
- a. about 2 to about 6 percent water-immiscible, emulsifiable fuel which is liquifiable at a temperature between about 110* F. and about 160* F., selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal, and insect waxes, petroleum oils, and vegetable oils;
b. about 75 to about 85 percent of an oxidizer comprising about 20 to about 95 percent ammonium nitrate, about 5 to about 40 percent of an other inorganic nitrate, up to about 60 percent ethylene diamine dinitrate, up to about 40 percent alkylamine nitrate or alkanolamine nitrate, and up to about 30 percent inorganic chlorate or perchlorate;
c. about 15 to about 20 percent water;
d. about three-fourths to 1 1/4 percent emulsifier;
e. sufficient occluded gas or gas-entrapping material to give the composition a density of about 1.05 to about 1.25 gms./cc.; and
f. about 2 to about 6 percent of a detonation sensitizer comprising a water-soluble oxide, nitrate, halide, chromate, dichromate, and sulfate compound in which said compound contains a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, manganese, cobalt, nickel, lead, silver, mercury, copper, zinc, iron, and chromium.
- a. about 2 to about 6 percent water-immiscible, emulsifiable fuel which is liquifiable at a temperature between about 110* F. and about 160* F., selected from the group consisting of petrolatum, microcrystalline, paraffin, mineral, animal, and insect waxes, petroleum oils, and vegetable oils;
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9. The composition of claim 8 wherein said oxidizer comprises about 55 to about 80 percent ammonium nitrate, about 5 to about 15 percent sodium nitrate, about 10 to about 35 percent ethylene diamine dinitrate, and about 5 to about 10 percent ammonium perchlorate.
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10. The composition of claim 8 wherein said gas is in the form of occluded air bubbles.
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11. The composition of claim 8 wherein said gas is in a gas-entrapping material.
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12. The composition of claim 8 wherein said composition includes up to about 10 percent auxiliary fuel.
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13. The composition of claim 12 wherein said auxiliary fuel is aluminum or sulfur.
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14. The composition of claim 13 wherein about 0.25 percent to about 2.0 percent of a gelling agent is included.
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15. The composition of claim 14 wherein said gelling agent is guar gum.
Specification