DIALYSIS APPARATUS

• US 3,839,200 A
• Filed: 03/15/1972
• Issued: 10/01/1974
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1971
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hospal Industrie
• Original Assignee: Claude Gigou, Jean-Pierre Quentin
• Inventors: Gigou, Claude, Quentin, Jean-Pierre
• Primary Examiner(s): Spear, Jr., Frank A.
• Application Number:
  US05/234,940
• Time in Patent Office: 930 Days
• Field of Search: 210/22,321,259
• US Class Current: 252/364
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration

Abstract

A dialysis apparatus, especially for the purification of blood, is provided which comprises: A. A FIRST DIALYSER AND A DIALYSIS MEMBRANE SEPARATING SAID DIALYSER INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS AND AN INLET AND AN OUTLET FOR THE FIRST COMPARTMENT FOR THE LIQUID TO BE TREATED; AND B. A SECOND DIALYSER AND AN IONIC MEMBRANE SEPARATING SAID SECOND DIALYSER INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS, THE FIRST COMPARTMENT OF SAID SECOND DIALYSER BEING CONNECTED WITH THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THE FIRST DIALYSER SO AS TO FORM A CLOSED CIRCUIT, AND THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THIS SECOND DIALYSER BEING EQUIPPED WITH AN INLET AND AN OUTLET FOR LIQUID.

Claims

1. A DIALYSIS APPARATUS, ESPECIALLY FOR THE PURIFICATION OF BLOOD, WHICH CONSISTS ESSENTIALLY OF:

A. FIRST DIALYSER AND A DIALYSIS MEMBRANE SEPARATING SAID DIALYSER INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS AND AN INLET AND AN OUTLET FOR THE FIRST COMPARTMENT FOR THE LIQUID TO BE TREATED;

AND B. A SECOND DIALYSER AND AN IONIC MEMBRANE SEPARATING SAID SECOND DIALYSER INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS. THE FIRST COMPARTMENT OF SAID SECOND DIALYSER BEING CONNECTED WITH THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THE FIRST DIALYSER SO AS TO FORM A CLOSED CIRCUIT, AND THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THIS SECOND DIALYSER BEING EQUIPPED WITH AN INLET AND AN OUTLET FOR LIQUID, THE IONIC MEMBRANE HAVING A SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY GREATER THAN 50 PERCENT AND UREA/NACL SELECTIVELY GREATER THAN 5.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the ionic membrane has a selective permeability greater than 70 percent and a urea/NaCl selectively greater than 10.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the ionic membrane contains carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphinic acid groups or salts thereof, or sulphonium, phosphonium or ammonium groups.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the ionic membrane comprises a sulphonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, a chloromethylated and quaternised styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, a quaternised vinyl alcohol-vinylpyridine copolymer, a sulphated ethylene-vinyL alcohol copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer condensed with eipchlorohydrin and then aminated, a quaternised acrylonitrile-vinylpyridine copolymer, epichlorohydrin polycondensate obtained from polyhydroxyethers (polycondensation products of bisphenol with epichlorohydrin) by condensation with epichlorohydrin followed by amination, a sulphonated polyarylethersulphone, a sulphonated or chloromethylated and then aminated tetrafluoroethylene-styrene copolymer or an acrylonitrile methallylsulphonic acid copolymer or a salt thereof.

5. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the dialysis membrane comprises cellulose acetate, a vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymer, a hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, glycerol or glycidyl methacrylate homo- or co-polymer, a trimethyl-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropyl)ammonium chloride homo- or co-polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, amylose or an acrylonitrile/unsaturated monomer containing a sulphonic acid, amine or quaternary ammonium group copolymer.

6. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which a device for the removal of blood waste products, especially urea is connected to the inlet and outlet from the second compartment of the second dialyser.

7. Apparatus according to claim 6 in which the device is an activated charcoal or ion-exchange resin column.

8. In a process for the continuous regeneration of the dialysis bath coming from a haemodialyser the improvement which consists essentially of passing the bath in closed circuit from the haemodialyser through an auxiliary dialyser equipped with an ionic membrane having a selective permeability greater than 50 percent and a urea/NaCl selectivity greater than 5, the second compartment of the auxiliary dialyser being traversed by a purifying liquid which has an osmotic pressure lower than or equal to the osmotic pressure of the bath.

9. Process according to claim 8 in which the purifying liquid is water or an aqueous sugar solution.

10. A dialysis bath regenerated by a process as defined in claim 8.