Building composed of prefabricated elements

• US 3,921,355 A
• Filed: 04/09/1974
• Issued: 11/25/1975
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/1973
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Jean Pennecot
• Original Assignee: Jean Pennecot
• Inventors: Pennecot, Jean
• Primary Examiner(s): Faw, Jr., Price C.
• Application Number:
  US05/459,280
• Time in Patent Office: 595 Days
• Field of Search: 52/211,236,262,269,259,274,241,242,281,282,284,285,615,90
• US Class Current: 52/262
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 1/20 the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 1/215 comprising metallic plates or parts
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 1/30 the supporting parts being composed of two or more materials; Composite steel and concrete constructions of reinforced concrete E04B1/20
• CPC Class Codes: E04B 2/62 the members being formed of two or more elements in side-by-side relationship
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 2/38 with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels concerned with attaching to other panels or elements to form a structure, see the places for the relevant structure, e.g. E04B2/00
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 3/292 the materials being wood and metal
• CPC Class Codes: E04C 3/293 the materials being steel and concrete concrete with internal reinforcements or tensioning members E04C3/20
• CPC Class Codes: E04D 3/352 at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets
• CPC Class Codes: E04D 3/358 with at least one of the layers being offset with respect to another layer
• CPC Class Codes: E04D 3/365 by simple overlapping of the marginal portions with use of separate connecting elements, e.g. hooks or bolts for corrugated sheets

Abstract

The building has walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly of interconnected prefabricated elements. Each of the elements comprises a ladder-frame having uprights and crossmembers of identical thickness in respect of all of the elements. The uprights and cross-members define wall parts in which are disposed filler means or chassis or frames for windows or doors connected to the uprights and cross-members. End uprights of each element define an end edge surface of the element. The connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of the elements being along the end surfaces thereof so that the end surfaces of adjacent pairs of the elements in the connection define two adjoining sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region.

Claims

1. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly comprising prefabricated elements and connecting means for interconnecting the prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjAcent ones of said elements by said connecting means being along said end surfaces thereof in such manner that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection have edges adjoining each other and define two adjacent sides of a squaresectioned prismatic region, said connecting means interconnecting said elements in said region, the interconnected elements being sufficiently strong and rigid to constitute bearing walls and the connecting means being merely sufficient to perform their connecting function and insufficient to perform a load carrying function, the elements being divided in two series, a first series being formed by standard primary elements and a second series being formed by standard secondary elements, the secondary elements being shorter in plan than the primary elements by an amount equivalent to the dimension of one side of said squaresectioned region whereby to permit a combination of partitions and walls with the use of said standard primary and secondary elements.

2. A building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the uprights and the cross-members of an element comprise each a box-structure and an injected plastics material in the box-structure which plastics material ensures a connection with the said structures disposed in said wall parts.

3. A building as claimed in claim 2, wherein the interconnection of adjacent elements is ensured by means of fittings and means for fixing the fittings to end edge surfaces defined by end uprights of the adjacent elements.

4. A building as claimed in claim 2, wherein the uprights and the cross-members comprise each two section members which are interconnected and connected to said structure by said plastics material which is injected between the two section members.

5. A building as claimed in claim 4, wherein the section members are of metal.

6. A building as claimed in claim 5, wherein said metal is sheet metal.

7. A building as claimed in claim 1, wherein said filler means comprise sandwich-type panels.

8. A building as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sandwich-type panels comprise a core of polyurethane having outer surfaces to which outer surfaces there are connected sheets of material.

9. A building as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least some of said structures are filler means of concrete.

10. A building as claimed in claim 1, having roof elements comprising each a horizontal frame which is of shaped section and has a horizontal lower edge portion and a sandwich-type panel having a lower bearing on the lower edge portion and defining an upper surface which has a slope to allow rain water to flow away.

11. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly of interconnected prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements being along said end surfaces thereof so that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, the uprights and the cross-members of an element each comprising two metal section members forming a box-structure and an injected plastics material in the box-structure which plastics material ensures a connection with said structures disposed in said wall parts, the section members of each upright and cross-members being interconnected and connected to said structure by said plastics material, each end upright of the elements comprising on the corresponding eNd surface two portions of said respective section members which portions are spaced from each other in order to avoid a thermal bridge therebetween.

12. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly of interconnected prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements being along said end surfaces thereof so that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, the uprights and the cross-members of an element each comprising a box-structure and an injected plastics material in the box-structure which plastics material ensures a connection with said structures disposed in said wall parts, said chassis and frames for windows and doors comprising section members anchored in said plastics material injected in adjacent uprights of the corresponding ladder-frame.

13. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly of interconnected prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements being along said end surfaces thereof so that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, the uprights and the cross-members of an element each comprising a box-structure and an injected plastics material in the box-structure which plastics material ensures a connection with said structures disposed in said wall parts, said chassis and frames for windows and doors comprising wood members embedded and anchored in said plastics material which fills adjacent uprights of the corresponding ladder-frame.

14. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly of interconnected prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements being along said end surfaces thereof so that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, the interconnection of adjacent elements being ensured by means of fittings and means for fixing the fittings to end edge surfaces defined by end uprights of the adjacent elements, the connection fittings being constituted by tubular elements having a square cross-sectional shape defining sides of the square shape which haVe a length equal to the thickness of the corresponding end uprights, two adjacent sides of said fittings being connected to end edge surfaces of a pair of said elements in the case of an assembly of said pair of elements at 90* to each other and two opposite sides of said fittings being connected to end edge surfaces of a pair of said elements in the case of an assembly of said pair of elements at 180* to each other.

15. A building as claimed in claim 14, wherein said fixing means comprise bolts.

16. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly comprising prefabricated elements and connecting means for interconnecting the prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements by said connecting means being along said end surfaces thereof in such manner that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection have edges adjoining each other and define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, said connecting means interconnecting said elements in said region, the interconnected elements being sufficiently strong and rigid to constitute bearing walls and the connecting means being merely sufficient to perform their connecting function and insufficient to perform a load carrying function, the elements being divided in two series, a first series being formed by standard primary elements and a second series being formed by standard secondary elements, the secondary elements being shorter in plan than the primary elements by an amount equivalent to the dimension of one side of said square-sectioned region whereby to permit a combination of partitions and walls with the use of said standard primary and secondary elements, said connecting means between two adjacent elements comprising reinforced concrete posts which are in a poured condition in said square-section prismatic region.

17. A building as claimed in claim 16, wherein members are combined with end uprights of the adjacent elements interconnected by the posts which end uprights define said end edge surfaces, said members being embedded in said concrete posts.

18. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly comprising prefabricated elements and connecting means for interconnecting the prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements by said connecting means being along said end surfaces thereof in such manner that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection have edges adjoining each other and define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, said connecting means interconnecting said elements in said region, the interconnected elements being sufficiently strong and rigid to constitute bearing walls and the connecting means being merely sufficient to perform their connecting function and Insufficient to perform a load carrying function, the elements being divided in two series, a first series being formed by standard primary elements and a second series being formed by standard secondary elements, the secondary elements being shorter in plan than the primary elements by an amount equivalent to the dimension of one side of said square-sectioned region whereby to permit a combination of partitions and walls with the use of said standard primary and secondary elements, said connecting means between two adjacent elements comprising reinforced concrete posts which are in a poured condition in said square-section prismatic region, the building further comprising a foundation slab on which slab the walls and the partitions bear, a bracket secured to the foundation by anchoring means being combined with a base part of at least some of end uprights of the elements for securing the elements to the slab, and vertical metal reinforcement members anchored in the foundation slab and embedded in said posts.

19. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly of interconnected prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements being along said end surfaces thereof so that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, the building having at least one storey in addition to a ground floor and comprising superposed elements of said elements constituting said walls and partitions, said superposed elements having their cross-members in adjacent relation to constitute a support, and a purlin supported by said support, said purlin comprising two parallel vertically-spaced girders comprising each a U-section member and a wood member fitted in the U-section member, vertical bracing members welded to the U-section members interconnecting the two girders and combined with nails which are driven into the wood members so as to retain the wood members.

20. A building having walls and partitions which are constituted by an assembly comprising prefabricated elements and connecting means for interconnecting the prefabricated elements, each of said elements comprising a ladder-frame having uprights and cross-members, which uprights and cross-members have an identical thickness in respect of all of said elements and define wall parts, structures disposed in said wall parts and connected to said uprights and cross-members, each of said structures comprising any of the following three items:

filler means and chassis and frames for windows and doors;

end uprights of the uprights of each element defining an end edge surface of the element, the connection at 90* or 180* of a plurality of adjacent ones of said elements by said connecting means being along said end surfaces thereof in such manner that said end surfaces of adjacent pairs of said elements in said connection have edges adjoining each other and define two adjacent sides of a square-sectioned prismatic region, said connecting means interconnecting said elements in said region, the interconnected elements being sufficiently strong and rigid to constitute bearing walls and the connecting means being merely sufficient to perform their connecting function and insufficient to perform a load carrying function, the elements being divided in two series, a first series being formed by standard primary elements and a second sEries being formed by standard secondary elements, the secondary elements being shorter in plan than the primary elements by an amount equivalent to the dimension of one side of said square-sectioned region whereby to permit a combination of partitions and walls with the use of said standard primary and secondary elements, said elements being divided into two series, a first series being formed by standard primary elements which define wall parts between successive uprights in which wall parts said structures are mounted, all of which parts of said first series having an equal first length in plan, the second series of elements comprising standard secondary elements which define wall parts between successive uprights in which wall parts said structures are mounted, all of which wall parts of said secondary elements having an equal second length in plan, each secondary element which defines a given number of wall parts having its length in plan which is less than the length in plan of a primary element which defines the same number of wall parts by an amount equivalent to the dimension of one side of said square-sectioned region, whereby to permit a combination of partitions and walls with the use of said standard primary and secondary elements.

21. A building as claimed in claim 20, wherein the length in plan 1n of a primary element having n wall parts is defined by the following equation:

1n nc + (n-1) b + 2a in which c designates said first length, b designates the width of an intermediate upright in the direction of said length 1n and a the width of an end upright in the direction of said length 1n.

22. A building as claimed in claim 20, wherein the length in plan 1n of a primary element having n wall parts is defined by the following equation:

1n nc + (n-1) b + 2a and the length in plan 1'"'"''"'"'n of a secondary element having n wall parts is defined by the following equation;

1'"'"''"'"'n nc'"'"''"'"' + (n-1)b + 2a, in which c designates said first length, c'"'"''"'"' designates said second length and is less than c, b designates the width of an intermediate upright in the direction of the lengths 1n and 1'"'"''"'"'n and a the width of an end upright in the direction of the lengths 1n and 1'"'"''"'"'n, c'"'"''"'"' is less than c.