Separation apparatus using ultrafiltration

• US 3,926,797 A
• Filed: 03/15/1972
• Issued: 12/16/1975
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/1971
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hospal Industrie
• Original Assignee: Claude Gigou, Jean-Pierre Quentin
• Inventors: Quentin, Jean-Pierre, Gigou, Claude
• Primary Examiner(s): Spear, Jr., Frank A.
• Application Number:
  US05/234,941
• Time in Patent Office: 1,371 Days
• Field of Search: 210/22,23,321
• US Class Current: 210/638
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3472 with treatment of the filtrate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3479 by dialysing the filtrate

Abstract

Apparatus is provided for the purification of a liquid, especially blood, which comprises: A. AN ULTRAFILTRATION CELL AND AN ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE DIVIDING SAID CELL INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS, AN INLET AND AN OUTLET FOR SAID FIRST COMPARTMENT FOR THE LIQUID TO BE TREATED AND AN OUTLET FOR THE ULTRAFILTERED LIQUID FOR SAID SECOND COMPARTMENT; B. MEANS FOR ESTABLISHING IN THE FIRST COMPARTMENT OF SAID ULTRAFILTRATION CELL A PRESSURE HIGHER THAN THAT PREVAILING IN THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THE CELL; AND C. A DIALYSER AND AN IONIC MEMBRANE SEPARATING SAID DIALYSER INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS, AN INLET FOR SAID FIRST COMPARTMENT CONNECTED TO THE OUTLET FROM THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THE ULTRAFILTRATION CELL AND AN OUTLET FOR SAID FIRST COMPARTMENT CONNECTED TO THE OUTLET OF THE FIRST COMPARTMENT OF THE ULTRAFILTRATION CELL, THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF SAID DIALYSER BEING ITSELF EQUIPPED WITH AN INLET AND AN OUTLET.

Claims

1. APPARATUS FOR THE PURICATION OF A LIQUID, WHICH COMPRISES:

A. AN UNTRAFLITRATION CELL AND AN ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE, DIVIDING SAID CELL INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS, AN INLET AND AN OUTLET FOR SAID FIRST COMPARTMENT FOR THE LIQUID TO BE TREATED AND AN OUTLET FOR THE ULTRAFILTERED LIQUID FOR SAID SECOND COMPARTMENT;

B. MEANS FOR EXTABILISHING IN THE FIRST COMPARTMENT OF SAID ULTRAFILTRATION CELL A PRESSURE HIGHER THAN THAT PREVAILING IN THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THE CELL;

AND C. A DIALYSER AND AN IONIC MEMBRANE SEPARATING SAID DIALYSER INTO TWO COMPARTMENTS, AN ININLET FOR SAID FIRST COMPARTMENT CONNECTED TO THE OUTLET FROM THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF THE ULTRAFILTRATION CELL AND AN OUTLET FOR SAID FIRST COMPARTMENT CONNECTED TO THE OUTLET OF THE FIRST COMPARTMENT OF THE ULTRAFILTRATION CELL, THE SECOND COMPARTMENT OF SAID DIALYSER BEING ITSELF EQUIPPED WITH AN INLET AND AN OUTLET, SAID IONIC MEMBRANE HAVING A SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY GREATER THAN 50% AND A UREA/NACL SELECTIVITY GREATER THAN 5.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the ionic membrane has a selective permeability greater than 70% and a urea/NaCl selectivity greater than 10.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the ionic membrane contains carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphinic acid groups or salified carboxylic, sulphonic, phosphonic or phosphinic acid groups, or sulphonium, phosphonium or ammonium groups.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which a device for the removal of blood waste products is connected to the inlet and outlet from the second compartment of said dialyser.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 in which the device is an activated charcoal or ion exchange resin column.

6. In a process for the continuous treatment of a blood ultrafiltrate the improvement which comprises passing the ultrafiltrate to a dialyser equipped with an ionic membrane, the second compartment of the dialyser being traversed by a purifying liquid with an osmotic pressure less than or equal to the osmotic pressure of the ultrafiltrate, and then reintroducing the resulting purified ultrafiltrate into the blood.

7. Process according to claim 6 in which the purifying liquid is water or an aqueous sugar solution.

8. Process according to claim 6 which is carried out in an apparatus which comprises:

a. an ultrafiltration cell and an ultrafiltration membrane, dividing said cell into two compartments, an inlet and an outlet for said first compartment for the liquid to be treated and an outlet for the ultrafiltered liquid for said second compartment;

b. means for establishing in the first compartment of said ultrafiltration cell a pressure higher than that prevailing in the second compartment of the cell; and

c. a dialyser and an ionic membrane separating said dialyser into two compartments, an inlet for said first compartment connected to the outlet from the second compartment of the ultrafiltration cell and an outlet for said first compartment connected to the outlet of the first compartment of the ultrafiltration cell, the second compartment of said dialyser bEing itself equipped with an inlet and an outlet, said ionic membrane having a selective permeability greater than 50% and a urea/NaCl selectivity greater than 5.

9. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the ionic membrane comprises a sulphonated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, a chloromethylated and quaternised styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, a quaternised vinyl alcohol-vinylpyridine copolymer, a sulphated ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, an ethylene-vinyl alkoxide copolymer in which the ether groups comprise amino-substituted polyethoxy groups, a quaternised acrylonitrile-vinylpyridine copolymer, a polyhydroxyether in which some, at least, of the hydroxy groups are etherified with amino-substituted polyethoxy groups, a sulphonated polyarylethersulphone, an amino-sulphonated styrene copolymer, an amino-methylated tetrafluoroethylene-styrene copolymer or an acrylonitrile-methallylsulphonic acid copolymer, or a salt thereof.