Dual spectrum infrared fire detector

• US 3,931,521 A
• Filed: 06/29/1973
• Issued: 01/06/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1973
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Cinzori, Robert J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Willis, Davis L.
• Application Number:
  US05/375,265
• Time in Patent Office: 921 Days
• Field of Search: 250/338, 250/339, 250/340, 250/349, 340/227 R, 340/228 R
• US Class Current: 250/339.04
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/12 Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions

Abstract

Disclosed is a fire and explosion detection system wherein long wavelength radiant energy responsive signals are processed in one channel and compared to short wavelength radiant energy responsive signals which are processed in a second channel. When these signals are coincident in response to a fire or explosion of a predetermined threshold magnitude, an output fire suppression signal is generated.

Claims

1. An electrical detection system responsive to a fire or explosion for generating an output signal, including in combination:

a. long wavelength channel means responsive to radiant energy in a predetermined spectral band above about six microns of electromagnetic radiation and received from a fire or explosion for generating a first logic signal,

b. short wavelength channel means responsive to radiant energy in a predetermined spectral band less than about two microns of electro-magnetic radiation and received from said fire or explosion for generating a second logic signal, and

c. output gate means coupled to receive both said first and second logic signals and responsive thereto to generate said output control signal which may be further processed to control the suppression of said fire or explosion.

2. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said long wavelength channel means is responsive to radiation in the 7-30 micron range and said short wavelength channel means is responsive to radiation in the 0.7-1.2 micron range.

3. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said long wavelength channel means includes:

a. a far infrared radiation detector connected at the input of said channel means and responsive to fire or explosion induced changes in temperature for generating a low level detection signal, and

b. a frequency compensating amplifier coupled between said far infrared radiation detector and said output gate means and having a gain versus frequency characteristic which substantially compensates for the roll off in the gain versus frequency characteristic of said detector, thereby maintaining a substantially constant signal gain between the input of said detector and the output of said compensating amplifier over a predetermined frequency range.

4. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said short wavelength channel means includes a radiation detector sensitive only to radiation less than about 1.2 microns.

5. The system defined in claim 1 wherein:

8. The system defined in claim 1 wherein said output gate means is a digital logic gate connected to drive a monostable multivibrator or other driver circuit, whereby said multivibrator or other suitable driver circuit is operative to generate an output pulse for ultimately controlling a fire suppression mechanism.

9. The system defined in claim 1 wherein:

a. said long wavelength channel means includes a thermal detector responsive to radiation source temperature changes for generating an output detection signal,

b. a frequency compensating amplifier connected to the output of said thermal detector and having a gain versus frequency characteristic which substantially compensates for the roll off in the gain versus frequency characteristic of said thermal detector, whereby the overall gain of said thermal detector and said frequency compensating amplifier is substantially constant over a predetermined frequency range, and

c. said short wavelength radiation channel means includes a semiconductive photodetector for generating an output detection signal proportional to the photon induced carrier recombination therein, whereby both of the above said detectors must generate an output signal in order to produce a corresponding output signal at the output of said output gate means.

11. The system defined in claim 8 wherein said output gate means includes threshold means for providing a predetermined threshold level therein which must be exceeded by said first and second logic signals in order to generate said output signal.

14. The system defined in claim 11 which further includes amplifier means coupled between said photon detector and said gate means for providing appropriate signal amplification for said photon energy.

15. The system defined in claim 11 wherein said first named optical filter passes radiation wavelengths between about 7 and 30 microns and said second optical filter passes radiation wavelengths between about 0.7 and1.2 microns.

17. The system defined in claim 14 wherein said long wavelength channel means is responsive to radiation in the 7-30 micron wavelength range.

18. The system defined in Claim 15 wherein:

a. said thermopile detector is a far infrared radiation detector connected at the input of said long wavelength channel means and responsive to fire or explosion induced changes in incident radiation for generating a relatively low level frequency dependent detection voltage, and

b. frequency compensating amplifier means coupled between said far infrared radiation detector and an output gate means and having a gain-versus-frequency characteristic which substantially compensates for the roll off in the gain-versus-frequency characteristic of said detector, thereby maintaining a substantially constant signal gain between the input of said detector and the output of said frequency compensating amplifier means over a predetermined frequency range.

21. The process defined in claim 18 which further includes:

a. generating a frequency-dependent signal voltage in response to changes in signal voltage, said long wavelength energy, and

b. amplifying said signal voltage in a manner to compensate for frequency-dependent amplitude variations in said signal voltage.

6. a. said long wavelength channel means includes a thermal detector responsive to radiation in the far infrared region of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, and

7. b. said short wavelength channel means includes a silicon photodetector responsive to short wavelength radiation in the near infrared region of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, whereby short wavelength and long wavelength radiation changes are electrically compared before an output signal is generated.

10. The system defined in claim 7 wherein:

a. said thermal detector is a thermopile detector responsive to source temperature changes induced by radiation in the far infrared region of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum, and

b. said photodetector is a silicon photodetector responsive to photon energy from radiation in the near infrared region of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum.

13. The system defined in Claim 10 which further includes:

a. a second optical filter for passing infrared radiation in another predetermined wavelength range of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum,

b. a photon detector coupled to said second optical filter for generating a photon energy dependent output voltage, and

c. gate means within said signal processing means for comparing the output signals of said thermopile and photon detectors and generating an output control signal upon the coincidence of said detector output signals above a preestablished threshold.

12. An electrical system responsive to radiation generated by a fire or explosion including, in combination:

a. an optical filter for passing electromagnetic radiation in a predetermined wavelength range of the electromagnetic frequency spectrum,

b. a thermopile detector optically coupled to said filter and responsive to ambient temperature changes induced by infrared radiation above 6 microns in wavelength and received from said filter for generating an output signal, and

c. means for processing said output signal from said thermopile detector and for utilizing same to control the suppression of said fire or explosion/./, said signal processing means includes a frequency compensating amplifier stage coupled to said thermopile detector and which compensates for the roll off in responsivity of said thermopile detector.

16. A detection system for generating an output signal in response to a fire or an explosion and comprising:

long wavelength channel means including a thermopile detector responsive to radiant energy in a predetermined spectral band above 6 microns wavelength of electromagnetic radiation and received from said fire or explosion, said long wavelength channel means further including a frequency compensating amplifier coupled to said detector and having a gain versus frequency characteristic selected to compensate for the roll off in responsivity of said thermopile detector and to thereby provide a substantially constant sensitivity to radiation received in a predetermined frequency range, and said long wavelength channel means further including means coupled to said frequency compensating amplifier for generating a logic signal capable of triggering means to suppress or control said fire or explosion.

19. The system defined in claim 16 wherein said far infrared radiation detector is responsive to radiation in the 7-30 micron wavelength range.

20. A process for detecting fires or explosions which includes the steps of:

a. sensing changes in incident short wavelength energy in the 0.7 - 1.2 micron range and resulting from said fire or explosion,

b. simultaneously sensing changes in incident long wavelength energy in the 7 - 30 micron range and resulting from said fire or explosion, and

c. electrically comparing the changes in incident short wavelength energy and long wavelength energy to thereby generate an output fire or explosion suppression signal once said changes simultaneously exceed a predetermined threshold level.