Image motion and change transducers and systems controlled thereby

• US 3,932,703 A
• Filed: 07/08/1974
• Issued: 01/13/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1968
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Emil J. Bolsey
• Original Assignee: Emil J. Bolsey
• Inventors: Bolsey, Emil J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard W.
• Application Number:
  US05/486,065
• Time in Patent Office: 554 Days
• Field of Search: 178/6.8, 178/DIG. 38, 178/DIG. 33, 340/227 R, 340/227 D, 250/214 L, 250/209
• US Class Current: 348/155
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2226 comparing the observed data with stored target data, e.g. target configuration data
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2253 Passive homing systems, i.e. comprising a receiver and do not requiring an active illumination of the target
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/2293 using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
• CPC Class Codes: F41G 7/343 comparing observed and stored data of target position or of distinctive marks along the path towards the target
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/786 the desired condition being maintained automatically
• CPC Class Codes: G03B 15/00 Special procedures for taking photographs; Apparatus therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 3/14 using an analogue comparing device
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 3/20 using a digital comparing device
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/19602 Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/19604 involving reference image or background adaptation with time to compensate for changing conditions, e.g. reference image update on detection of light level change
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1963 Arrangements allowing camera rotation to change view, e.g. pivoting camera, pan-tilt and zoom [PTZ]
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/19634 Electrical details of the system, e.g. component blocks for carrying out specific functions
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/68 for stable pick-up of the scene, e.g. compensating for camera body vibrations
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/6811 based on the image signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 23/682 Vibration or motion blur correction
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/14 Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors, or control thereof H04N23/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/145 Movement estimation for video coding H04N19/51

Abstract

A selected area of an arbitrary image is scanned to derive analog video signals which are filtered and converted to binary signals which are compared with a signal representative of a reference image to produce a signal indicative of differences occurring between the scanned and reference images.

Claims

1. Apparatus for comparing arbitrary images comprising, in combination:

scanning means for scanning a selected area of a first arbitrary image, said means operating cyclically to provide at least one scan having a given video pattern, photosensitive means cooperating with said scanning means for changing each said video pattern into video electrical signals which are respectively the analogs of said video patterns, frequency-selective filtering and amplifying means for emphasizing the components of said video electrical signals which fall within an intermediate frequency range, quantizing means cooperating with said filtering and amplifying means for converting the electrical signals produced thereby into first binary signals, a source of reference binary signals comparable with said first binary signals and representative of at least one reference image to be compared with said first image, means for comparing said first binary signals with said reference binary signals and for producing at least one electrical output signal which is indicative of differences occurring between said binary signals, and means for attenuating said electrical output signal whenever the magnitude of said video signal or of a control signal derived therefrom is below a predetermined threshold.

2. Apparatus for comparing arbitrary images comprising, in combination:

scanning means for scanning a selected area of a first arbitrary image, said means operating cyclically to provide at least one scan having a given video pattern, photosensitive means cooperating with said scanning means for changing each said video pattern into video electrical signals which are respectively the analogs of said video patterns, means for making the amplitude of said video electrical signals substantially proportional to the logarithm of the brightness of the area scanned at any particular instant, frequency-selective filtering and amplifying means for emphasizing the components of said video electrical signals which fall within an intermediate frequency range, quantizing means cooperating with said filtering and amplifying means for converting the electrical signals produced thereby into first binary signals, a source of reference binary signals comparable with said first binary signals and representative of at least one reference image to be compared with said first image, and means for comparing said first binary signals with said reference binary signals and for producing at least one electrical output signal which is indicative of differences occurring between said binary signals.