Method of controlling supply of power
First Claim
1. The method of, operating a power complex to supply a system load and non-conforming loads;
- said power complex having a power generating network including a plurality of power generators and tie-lines to neighboring power generating networks, the said method comprising deriving from said complex at relatively short intervals, of the order of one second, signals indicative of;
1. the load power supplied by each of said generators,2. the frequency of the power of said load,3. the power drawn by said tie-lines,4. the power drawn by said non-conforming loads;
the said method also comprising converting said signals into digital values, separating said digital values into separate items of data each item corresponding to said items 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively;
storing said separate items;
computing from a plurality of said items derived during a plurality of said intervals and the past history of operation of said complex, an area-requirement error which is based, for each computator on the anticipated trend of variation of said system load following the latest of said intervals, responsive to said area-requirement error producing electrical generator resetting signals to reset economically each power generator of said plurality of generators to the extent required to reduce said error to zero, and supplying said resetting signals to said generators to reset said generators as aforesaid.
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Abstract
A digital computer system is employed to produce power system control. The computer system employs an economic dispatch program, a unit selection program and a tie line interchange program to determine off line a tie line schedule and unit commitments needed to satisfy economically and safely a load forecast over a selected time interval such as 24 hours. In on line closed control loop operation, the computer system employs a load and frequency control program which uses the tie line schedule and other quantities in determining area control error. The control program develops a system error representation which reflects a smoothed present and anticipated area control error. The system error representation is distributed into individual generator plant control signals under economic dispatch program and unit selection program control and under constraint of programmed plant limits to assure that each generation move is error correcting as well as optimally economic.
58 Citations
67 Claims
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1. The method of, operating a power complex to supply a system load and non-conforming loads;
- said power complex having a power generating network including a plurality of power generators and tie-lines to neighboring power generating networks, the said method comprising deriving from said complex at relatively short intervals, of the order of one second, signals indicative of;
1. the load power supplied by each of said generators, 2. the frequency of the power of said load, 3. the power drawn by said tie-lines, 4. the power drawn by said non-conforming loads;
the said method also comprising converting said signals into digital values, separating said digital values into separate items of data each item corresponding to said items 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively;
storing said separate items;
computing from a plurality of said items derived during a plurality of said intervals and the past history of operation of said complex, an area-requirement error which is based, for each computator on the anticipated trend of variation of said system load following the latest of said intervals, responsive to said area-requirement error producing electrical generator resetting signals to reset economically each power generator of said plurality of generators to the extent required to reduce said error to zero, and supplying said resetting signals to said generators to reset said generators as aforesaid.
- said power complex having a power generating network including a plurality of power generators and tie-lines to neighboring power generating networks, the said method comprising deriving from said complex at relatively short intervals, of the order of one second, signals indicative of;
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2. A system for controlling a power system having a plurality of power generating units, said system comprising means for determining a representation of an actual power system generation error, means for determining a smoothed anticipatory system power generation error representation as a function of the actual system error representation, and means for controlling selected generating units in the power system as a function of the smoothed anticipatory system error representation.
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3. A system for generating power in accordance with schedules of system frequency and of power interchange with a neighboring power system said system comprising:
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a. a plurality of generating units operative selectively to generate power in accordance with the schedule of power interchange, at least one tie-line to the neighboring power system, and means for measuring and providing representations of the tie-line power, the frequency deviation of the power generated by the given system with respect to the scheduled system frequency, and the power generated by each of the plurality of units; b. instantaneous error detecting means responsive to the representations of tie-line power, the schedule of power interchange and of frequency deviation for providing a representation of instantaneous system area-control error; c. calculation means for smoothing and weighting the representation of instantaneous system area-control error to provide an anticipated system power generating error; and d. unit control means for applying control signals to each of said generating units as a function of the anticipated system power generating error whereby the schedule of power generation is met. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A system for controlling the power generation of a given power system in accordance with a scheduled frequency, the given system including a plurality of generating units, and means for monitoring the frequency deviation of the power generated by the given system with respect to the scheduled frequency and the power generated by each of the plurality of generating units, said control system comprising:
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a. instantaneous error detecting means responsive to the representation of frequency deviation from the scheduled frequency for providing a representation of instantaneous system area-control error; b. calculation means for smoothing and weighting the representation of instantaneous system area-control error to provide an anticipated system power generating error; and c. unit control means for controlling each of the power generating units as a function of the anticipated system power generating error.
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26. A control process for controlling a given power system having a plurality of power generating units and at least one tie-line therefrom to a neighboring power system, said control process comprising the steps of:
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a. measuring representations of the tie-line power, the frequency deviation of the power generated by the given power system with respect to a scheduled frequency and the power generated by each of the plurality of generating units; b. calculating the instantaneous system area-control error as a function of the tie-line power, a schedule of power interchange with the neighboring systems and the frequency deviation; c. smoothing and weighting a representation of instantaneous system area-control error to provide an anticipated system power generating error, said steps of calculating, and smoothing and weighting being carried out in a digital computer; and d. applying control signals to each of the generating units as a function of the anticipated system power generating error. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47)
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48. A system for controlling the power generation of a given power system in accordance with a schedule of power interchange with a neighboring power system which is PS (n) for the interval n, the given system including a plurality of generating units, at least one tie-line to the neighboring power system, and means for measuring and providing representations of the tie-line power PTi (n) for the interval n, the frequency deviation Δ
- F of the power generated by the given system with respect to a scheduled frequency, and the power PAi (n) generated by each of the plurality of units for the interval n, said system comprising;
a. instantaneous error detecting means responsive to the representations of tie-line power PTi (n), of the scheduled power interchange PS (n) and of frequency deviation Δ
F for providing a representation of the instantaneous system area-control error EA (n) in accordance with the following equation;
space="preserve" listing-type="equation">E.sub.A (n) = Σ
P.sub.Ti (n) - P.sub.S (n) + BΔ
F(n)where B is a factor indicative of the system power variation per unit deviation in frequency; b. calculation means for smoothing and weighting the representation of instantaneous system area-control error to provide an anticipated system power generating error ES (n + TP) for the interval (n + TP), said error detecting and calculation means including a digital computer; and c. unit control means for applying control signals to each of the generating units as a function of the anticipated system power generating error ES (n + TP). - View Dependent Claims (49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67)
- F of the power generated by the given system with respect to a scheduled frequency, and the power PAi (n) generated by each of the plurality of units for the interval n, said system comprising;
Specification