Rate sensing batch analysis method
First Claim
1. A method of determining the concentration or activity of a material present in a sample which is chemically reacted in batch comprising:
- monitoring a property or characteristic of a component or product of said reaction related to concentration of a substance in said batch;
generating a first electrical signal related to said concentration of said substance;
differentiating said first signal to obtain an output signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of concentration of said substance; and
measuring said output signal to determine the concentration or activity of said material.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A portable, automated chemical analyzer having a polarographic oxygen electrode submerged in a batch of stirred solution. The signal from the electrode is directly differentiated and amplified to produce a signal proportional to the time rate of change of oxygen concentration. The membrane of the polarographic sensor is stretched very tightly over the cathode surface to provide a high signal-to-noise ratio. Methods for analyzing glucose-glucose oxidase, catalase-H2 O2 and various other enzyme systems by the polarographic electrode oxygen sensing apparatus include the steps of converting the sensed signal into time rate of change of oxygen concentration and recording the maximum rate of change of oxygen concentration.
422 Citations
46 Claims
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1. A method of determining the concentration or activity of a material present in a sample which is chemically reacted in batch comprising:
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monitoring a property or characteristic of a component or product of said reaction related to concentration of a substance in said batch; generating a first electrical signal related to said concentration of said substance; differentiating said first signal to obtain an output signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of concentration of said substance; and measuring said output signal to determine the concentration or activity of said material. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
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4. A method of determining the glucose concentration of a sample comprising the steps of:
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oxidizing the glucose present in the sample in an oxygen saturated aqueous solution by means of glucose oxidase in the presence of a sensor which serves to monitor a property or characteristic of oxygen in said solution related to the oxygen concentration thereof; generating a first electrical signal related to said oxygen concentration; differentiating said first electrical signal to produce an output signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of oxygen concentration; and measuring a maximum of said output signal to determine said glucose concentration.
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5. A method of determining the glucose concentration of blood or urine samples comprising the steps of:
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stirring at constant speed a fixed volume of an oxygen saturated solution of buffered glucose oxidase in the presence of an oxygen sensor until the sensor equilibrates with the solution, said sensor serving to monitor a property or characteristic of oxygen in said solution related to the oxygen concentration therein; adding a measured amount of sample to the solution and reacting the glucose with oxygen while stirring at a substantially constant speed; generating a first electrical signal related to said oxygen concentration; differentiating said first signal to produce a second signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of said oxygen concentration; recording said second signal; and determining said glucose concentration from a maximum of said second signal. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of directly determining the activity of an enzyme comprising:
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reacting said enzyme with an excess of substrate; monitoring a property or characteristic of a component or product of the reaction related to concentration of a substance therein and generating a first electrical signal related to said concentration; differentiating said first electrical signal to produce an output signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of said concentration; and measuring said output signal to determine the activity of said enzyme. - View Dependent Claims (28)
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29. A method of determining the catalase activity of samples of body tissue homogenates and body fluids comprising:
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reacting a measured portion of a catalase-containing sample with a fixed quantity of a stirred buffered peroxide solution as substrate; stirring the solution and sample at a constant rate in the presence of an oxygen sensor; generating a first electrical signal related to the dissolved oxygen concentration; differentiating said first electrical signal to produce a second electrical signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of oxygen concentration; and measuring said second electrical signal to determine said catalase activity. - View Dependent Claims (30, 31, 32, 33, 34)
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35. A method of determining the concentration or activity of an oxygen producing or consuming component of a reaction catalyzed by a reagent containing an enzyme selected from the group consisting of oxygenases, hydrogenases, reductases, hydroxylases and oxidases comprising:
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conducting the reaction of the reagent and component in batch; monitoring a property or characteristic of oxygen in said reaction related to the oxygen concentration therein and generating a first electrical signal related to said oxygen concentration; differentiating said first electrical signal to produce an output signal proportional to the instantaneous time rate of change of said oxygen concentration; and measuring said output signal to determine the concentration or activity of said oxygen producing or consuming component. - View Dependent Claims (36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46)
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Specification