Formation-testing apparatus

• US 3,934,468 A
• Filed: 01/22/1975
• Issued: 01/27/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (SLB)
• Original Assignee: Schlumberger Technology Corporation (SLB)
• Inventors: Brieger, Emmet F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Myracle, Jerry W.
• Application Number:
  US05/543,085
• Time in Patent Office: 370 Days
• Field of Search: 73/151, 73/155, 73/421 R
• US Class Current: 73/152.25
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/10 using side-wall fluid samplers or testers

Abstract

In the representative embodiment of the new and improved formation-testing apparatus disclosed herein, a wall-engaging sealing pad is arranged around the forward end of a normally open tubular probe which is adapted to be placed in communication with an adjacent earth formation and carries an extendible filter probe coaxially supported therein by a tubular valve member. If a formation being tested is relatively incompetent, the filter probe will be advanced into the formation without allowing further erosion of loose formation materials with the valve member acting to block communication through the outer probe. Alternatively, should a formation being tested be relatively competent, the filter probe will remain in its normal retracted position and the valve member will cooperatively block communication through the filter probe and instead provide an unrestricted flow passage through the outer probe to a sample-collecting system on the apparatus.

Claims

1. Apparatus adapted for testing earth formations of different degrees of competency and comprising:

a body adapted for suspension in a well bore penetrating such formations;

sample-collecting means cooperatively arranged on said body for receiving samples of connate fluids produced from such formations;

sealing means having a central opening therein cooperatively arranged on said body and adapted for sealing engagement with a well bore wall to isolate a portion thereof adjacent to said central opening from well bore fluids;

a tubular probe having a closed forward portion and cooperatively arranged for movement relative to said body from a normal retracted position to an extended position where said closed forward portion of said tubular probe is projected through said central opening and is ahead of said sealing means;

filtering means cooperatively arranged on an intermediate portion of said tubular probe and adapted for admitting connate fluids into the interior of said tubular probe and restraining loose formation materials from passing into the interior of said tubular probe whenever said tubular probe is in its said extended position;

first passage means adapted for providing communication between said sample-collecting means and said central opening;

second passage means adapted for providing communication between said sample-collecting means and the interior of said tubular probe;

probe-actuating means cooperatively arranged on said tubular probe and adapted for advancing said tubular probe toward its said extended position as loose formation materials are eroded away from an isolated wall portion of a well bore wall ahead of said closed forward portion of said tubular probe and enter said first passage means; and

valve means cooperatively arranged for normally blocking communication through said second passage means and operable in response to movement of said tubular probe toward its said extended position for successively blocking further communication through said first passage means and opening communication through said second passage means.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said probe-actuating means include:

piston means on a rearward portion of said tubular probe and cooperatively arranged for advancing said tubular probe toward its said extended position in response to a pressure differential between well bore fluids and connate fluids entering said tubular probe as loose formation materials enter said first passage means.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 further including:

means releasably securing said tubular probe in its said retracted position at least until said sealing means are engaged with a well bore wall.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 further including:

pressure-monitoring means on said body and cooperatively arranged for providing signals representative of the pressure in said passage means.

5. Apparatus adapted for testing earth formations of different degrees of competency and comprising:

a body adapted for movement through a well bore penetrating such formations and having a sample passage arranged thereon;

sample-collecting means cooperatively arranged on said body for receiving samples of connate fluids produced from such formations;

sealing means cooperatively arranged on said body and adapted to be placed in sealing engagement against a well bore wall for isolating a portion thereof from well bore fluids;

a first tubular probe having an open forward portion extending through said sealing means and cooperatively arranged for providing unrestricted communication between said open forward portion of said first probe and an outlet port in an intermediate portion of said first probe and fluidly coupled to said sample passage;

a second tubular probe having a closed forward portion and an intermediate portion with means thereon defining a plurality of restricted filter openings between the exterior and interior of said second probe, said second probe being coaxially mounted in said first probe and cooperatively arranged for movement therein between a normal retracted position to an extended position where said closed forward portion of said second probe is projected from said open forward portion of said first probe and ahead of said sealing means;

probe-actuating means cooperatively arranged on said second probe and adapted for advancing said second probe toward its said extended position in response to the erosion of loose formation materials from an isolated portion of a well bore wall ahead of said closed forward portion of said second probe; and

means including an annular valve member cooperatively arranged between said first and second probes and movable relative thereto between a first valving position covering said restricted filter openings and communicating said open forward portion of said first probe with said outlet port therein for selectively communicating said first probe with said sample passage whenever said second probe is in its said retracted position and a second valving position to successively block communication through said open forward portion of said first probe, uncover said filter openings, and communicate said interior of said second probe with said outlet port for selectively communicating said second probe with said sample passage whenever said second probe is moved toward its said extended position.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 further including:

pressure-monitoring means in said sample passage and cooperatively arranged for providing electrical signals representative of the pressure of fluids therein.

7. The apparatus of claim 5 further including:

means selectively operable for moving said sealing means into sealing engagement with a well bore wall.

8. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said probe-actuating means include:

piston means on a rearward portion of said second probe and cooperatively arranged for advancing said second probe toward its said extended position in response to a pressure differential between well bore fluids and connate fluids entering said first probe as loose formation materials enter said sample passage.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 further including:

means releasably securing said second probe in its said retracted position at least until said sealing means are engaged with a well bore wall.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 further including:

means selectively operable for moving said sealing means into sealing engagement with a well bore wall; and

means releasably securing said second probe in its said retracted position and operable upon movement of said sealing means into sealing engagement with a well bore wall for releasing said second probe for advancement toward its said extended position should loose formation materials begin entering said sample passage.

11. Fluid-sampling apparatus adapted for obtaining samples of connate fluids from earth formations of different degrees of competency and comprising:

a body adapted for suspension in a borehole penetrating one or more of such earth formations;

sample-collecting means on said body and including a sample chamber, a sample passage coupled to said sample chamber, and selectively operable valve means adapted for controlling communication through said sample passage to said sample chamber;

a wall-engaging sealing pad having a central opening therein and cooperatively mounted on said body for engagement with a borehole wall to isolate at least a portion thereof surrounding said central opening from borehole fluids;

fluid-admitting means coupled to said sample passage and cooperatively arranged for providing alternative communication paths between said sample passage and an isolated portion of a borehole wall, said fluid-admitting means including a first tubular probe having an open forward portion arranged in said central opening and an intermediately-located first outlet port therein cooperatively arranged for providing a substantially unrestricted first communication path, a second tubular probe having a closed forward portion and including intermediately located filter means thereon providing a plurality of filter passages into the interior of said second probe and a second outlet port located to the rear of said filter passages for providing a selectively restricted second communication path, said second probe being coaxially mounted in said first probe and cooperatively arranged for movement therein between a retracted position and an extended position where at least some of said filter passages are ahead of said forward open portion of said first probe, and valve means between said first and second probes and including an annular valve member coaxially arranged between said probes and movable relative thereto between a first valving position covering said filter passages and said second outlet port for coupling said first communication path to said sample passage and a second valving position for closing said open forward portion of said first probe and uncovering said filter passages and said second outlet port for coupling said second communication path to said sample passage; and

actuating means operable upon flow of loose formation materials from an isolated portion of a borehole wall through said first communication path for advancing said second probe toward its said extended position and moving said valve member to its said second valving position for blocking said first communication path and opening said second communication path.

12. The fluid-sampling apparatus of claim 11 wherein said actuating means include:

piston means on a rearward portion of said second probe and cooperatively arranged for advancing said second probe toward its said extended position as loose formation materials enter said sample passage in response to a pressure differential between borehole fluids and connate fluids entering said first probe.

13. The fluid-sampling apparatus of claim 12 further including:

means releasably securing said second probe in its said retracted position at least until said sealing pad is engaged with a borehole wall.

14. The fluid-sampling apparatus of claim 11 further including:

pressure-monitoring means in said sample passage and cooperatively arranged for providing electrical signals representative of the pressure of fluids therein.

15. The fluid-sampling apparatus of claim 11 further including:

means on said body selectively operable for moving said sealing pad into sealing engagement with a borehole wall.

16. The fluid-sampling apparatus of claim 11 wherein said first probe is also movable in relation to said body between retracted and extended positions and said actuating means include:

first and second piston means respectively mounted on the rearward portions of said first and second probes and cooperatively arranged for advancing said probes to their said extended positions as loose formation materials enter said sample passage in response to a pressure differential between borehole fluids and connate fluids entering said first probe.

17. The fluid-sampling apparatus of claim 16 further including:

means releasably securing said second probe in its said retracted position at least until said sealing pad is engaged with a borehole wall.

18. Fluid-sampling apparatus adapted for obtaining samples of connate fluids from earth formations of different degrees of competency and comprising:

a body adapted for suspension in a borehole penetrating one or more of such earth formations;

sample-collecting means on said body and including a sample chamber, a sample passage coupled to said sample chamber, and selectively operable valve means adapted for controlling communication through said sample passage to said sample chamber;

fluid-admitting means incuding a support member mounted on said body and having a lateral bore extending between the forward and rearward faces of said support member, a wall-engaging sealing pad mounted on said forward face of said support member and having a central opening aligned with said lateral bore, a tubular first probe coaxially mounted in said lateral bore and having an open forward portion in said central opening and an intermediate portion with an outlet port therein, first and second sealing means between said support member and said first probe for defining an enclosed annular space around said intermediate portion of said first probe, a second probe having a closed forward end and an intermediate portion thereof defining a plurality of restricted filter passages and an outlet port therebehind opening into an enclosed chamber, said second probe being adapted for movement relative to said first probe between a normal retracted position and an extended position where said closed forward end of said second probe and said filter passages are at least partially projected from said open forward portion of said first probe, an annular valve member coaxially mounted between said first and second probes and having a rearward valve portion with outwardly facing and inwardly facing sealing means thereon sealingly engaged with said first and second probes respectively and a forward valve portion with inwardly facing sealing means thereon sealingly engaged with said second probe, said valve member being adapted for movement relative to said first probe upon extension of said second probe between a first valving position where said outwardly facing sealing means are to the rear of said outlet port in said first probe for communicating said annular space with said open forward portion of said first probe and said forward and rearward inwardly facing sealing means are respectively sealingly engaged with forward and rearward adjacent portions of said second probe ahead of and to the rear of said filter passages and said outlet port therein for blocking communication into said enclosed chamber and a second valving position where said outwardly facing sealing means on said valve member are ahead of said outlet port in said first probe for blocking communication between said annular space and said open forward portion of said first probe and said forward inwardly facing sealing means are between said filter passages and said outlet port upon extension of said second probe for opening a restricted communication path through said filter passages into said enclosed chamber and on through a bypass passage arranged in a portion of said extended second probe adjacent to said rearward inwardly-directed sealing means into said annular space by way of said outlet port in said first probe;

pad-actuating means operable for placing said sealing pad into engagement with a borehole wall for isolating a portion thereof surrounding said central opening from borehole fluids;

passage means intercoupling said annular space and said sample passage; and

probe-actuating means operable upon flow of loose formation materials from an isolated portion of a borehole wall for advancing said second probe toward its said extended position and carrying said valve member from its said first valving position to its said second valving position for halting the further flow of loose formation materials once said restricted communication path is opened.