Use of perovskites and perovskite-related compounds as battery cathodes

• US 3,939,008 A
• Filed: 02/10/1975
• Issued: 02/17/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 02/10/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Company (Exxon Mobil Corporation)
• Inventors: Longo, John M., Clavenna, LeRoy R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Skapars, Anthony
• Application Number:
  US05/548,291
• Time in Patent Office: 372 Days
• Field of Search: 136/6 R, 136/6 LN, 136/20, 136/120 FC, 136/86 D, 136/100 R, 136/83 R, 136/120 R
• US Class Current: 429/206
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/58 of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/16 with organic electrolyte H01M6/18 takes precedence

Abstract

A novel battery is disclosed in which the cathode active material is an oxide having a perovskite or perovskite related structure and the general formula ABO₃, wherein A is an element selected from Group IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements and B is a non-noble transition metal selected from Group VIIB and VIII of the periodic Table of the Elements. The anode is a metal selected from cadmium, zinc, lead, lithium, sodium and potassium.

Claims

1. An electrical energy storage device comprising:

a. a container;

b. an electrolyte in said container;

c. a metal anode; and

d. a cathode-active material, said cathode active material being an oxide of the general formula ABO₃ and having perovskite structure, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of non-transition metals of Group IIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements and B is a non-noble transition metal selected from Groups VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte is an aqueous base.

3. The device of claim 2 wherein the aqueous base is an alkaline metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the metal anode is selected from zinc, lead, cadmium, lithium, sodium and potassium.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the metal anode is zinc.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein the cathode-active material is selected from the group consisting of CaMnO₃, BaNiO₃, SrCoO₃ and SrFeO₃.

7. The device of claim 6 wherein the said cathode-active material is mixed with carbon black.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein the cathode-active material is CaMnO₃.

9. The device of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte is a non-aqueous electrolyte.

10. The device of claim 9 wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte is propylene carbonate.

11. A battery comprising a container, an aqueous basic electrolyte, a metal anode selected from zinc, cadmium or lead and a cathode-active material selected from the perovskites CaMnO₃, BaNiO₃, SrCoO₃ and SrFeO₃.

12. A battery comprising a container, a non-aqueous electrolyte, a metal anode selected from lithium, potassium and sodium, and a cathode-active material selected from the perovskites CaMnO₃, BaNiO₃, SrCoO₃ and SrFeO₃.

13. The battery of claim 12 wherein the electrolyte is propylene carbonate, the anode metal is lithium and wherein LiPf₆ is dissolved in the electrolyte.