Sandwiched structure for production of heat and hydrogen gas

• US 3,942,511 A
• Filed: 09/19/1974
• Issued: 03/09/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Jenkins, James F., Black, Stanley A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kaplan, G. L.
• Application Number:
  US05/507,652
• Time in Patent Office: 537 Days
• Field of Search: 204/248, 204/249, 204/129, 423/658, 423/657, 252/188, 126/263
• US Class Current: 126/263.05
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/061 by reaction of metal oxides with water
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/10 by reaction of water vapour with metals
• CPC Class Codes: F24V 30/00 Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

Micro electrochemical cells which utilize an intimate mixture of active andassive metals are reacted with seawater for producing heat and hydrogen gas for use as a heat source, energy source, or buoyancy generator for use in remote areas.

Claims

1. An electrochemical source for the rapid generation of heat and hydrogen gas upon activation by electrolyte, comprising:

a. an intimate mixture of powdered magnesium and iron metal particles in contact with each other such that the normal electrical contact resistance between said magnesium and iron powdered metal particles is substantially reduced;

b. said iron metal particles being embedded in the surface of at least a substantial portion of said magnesium metal particles to form ironized magnesium particles;

c. each ironized magnesium metal particle forming a shorted micro electrochemical cell;

d. said intimate powdered metal mixture which includes micro electrochemical cells being sandwiched between sheets of plastic material;

e. moisture retaining absorbent means being included with said intimate powdered metal mixture between said sheets of plastic;

f. said intimate mixture of powdered metal particles operable to produce heat and hydrogen by exothermic reaction upon addition of suitable electrolyte;

g. the variation of powder sizes and of the ratio of magnesium to iron metal surface area exposed, operating to control the amount of heat and hydrogen produced and the operational life of said source in the electrolyte.

2. An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said moisture retaining absorbent means is mixed with said intimate mixture of ironized magnesium particles and an adhesive and is sandwiched between said sheets of plastic material to form a flexible exothermic fabric, said sandwiched structure having means for introducing electrolyte to said micro electrochemical cells.

3. A structure as in claim 1 wherein NaCl particles are mixed with said metal particles such that addition of water will provide electrolyte.

4. An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein each of said sheets of plastic have an adhesive coating on at least one side thereof and said moisture retaining absorbent means is an absorbent material layer;

said intimate mixture of magnesium and iron metal particles being sandwiched between one said adhesive-coated sheet of plastic and said layer of moisture retaining absorbent material which in turn is attached to an adhesive coating on the second sheet of plastic to form a flexible sandwiched heating structure, said plastic sheets forming the outside of said sandwiched structure, means provided in at least one of said plastic sheets for introducing electrolyte to said mixture when desired.

5. An electrochemical structure as in claim 4 wherein NaCl particles are interdispersed throughout said layer of moisture retaining absorbent material such that addition of water thereto will provide electrolyte for the exothermic reaction involving said shorted micro electrochemical cells.

6. An electrochemical source as in claim 5 wherein the ratio of magnesium to iron metal particles by weight is 1 to 1.

7. An electrochemical source as in claim 4 wherein NaCl particles are interdispersed throughout said intimate mixture of magnesium and iron metal particles.

8. An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said metal particles range in size up to 590 microns in diameter.

9. An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said intimate mixture of ironized magnesium metal particles are compressed and formed into a rigid composite material.

10. An electrochemical source as in claim 9 wherein dry electrolyte salt particles are interdispersed throughout said powdered metal particle mixture such that addition of water will dissolve said salt to start electrochemical reaction.

11. An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein said intimate mixture of iron and magnesium powdered metal particles are pressed and sintered together into a rigid form.

12. An electrochemical source as in claim 1 wherein the ratio of magnesium to iron metal particles by weight is 1 to 1.