Aircraft ground proximity warning instrument

• US 3,946,358 A
• Filed: 06/19/1974
• Issued: 03/23/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sundstrand Corporation (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Sundstrand Data Control, Inc.
• Inventors: Bateman, Charles Donald
• Primary Examiner(s): Blix, Trygve M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Eisenzopf, Reinhard J.
• Application Number:
  US05/480,727
• Time in Patent Office: 643 Days
• Field of Search: 340/27 R, 340/27 AT, 340/25, 340/27 NA, 244/77 A, 244/77 C, 244/77 D, 235/150.2, 235/150.22, 343/12 A, 343/108 R, 343/5 LS, 343/7 A, 343/7 TA, 343/112 A, 343/112 CA
• US Class Current: 340/970
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 5/005 altimeters for aircraft G01C5/02, G01C5/06 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/0021 located in the aircraft
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 5/025 Navigation or guidance aids radar or analogous systems specially adapted for landing purposes G01S13/913

Abstract

An aircraft instrument for warning the pilot that the aircraft is in an unsafe condition in proximity to the ground. The instrument has inputs representing aircraft configuration, flight condition with respect to the ground, and glide slope. Detector circuits process the inputs and give a warning of unsafe proximity to the ground. The boundary conditions for the warning are selected to avoid false warnings. A glide slope detector distinguishes between a valid glide slope signal and spurious signals, without need for pilot input.

Claims

1. In an aircraft instrument for providing information based on the glide slope radio beam at an airport, the beam having a desired pattern along the intended glide path, providing valid fly up and fly down information and having undesired but unavoidable patterns along other paths providing spurious fly up and fly down information, the aircraft including means for receiving the glide slope radio beam, said receiving means having a glide slope output signal including both the valid and the spurious fly up and fly down information, a glide slope validity detector comprising:

means responsive to the glide slope output signal for generating a signal which represents spurious fly up and fly down information; and

means responsive to the signal which represents spurious fly up and fly down information to inhibit utilization of the glide slope output signal upon occurrence of a spurious information signal which is in excess of a predetermined level.

2. The instrument of claim 1 in which the valid fly up and fly down information in the glide slope output signal is in one frequency band and the spurious fly up and fly down information is in another frequency band, the validity detector including a filter for rejecting a valid information signal and for passing a spurious information signal;

and

means responsive to an excessive spurious information signal from said validity detector filter for inhibiting utilization of the glide slope information.

3. The instrument of claim 2 in which the valid fly up and fly down information is in a frequency range below f₁ and the spurious fly up and fly down information is in a frequency range above f₁ and in which said filter passes frequencies above f₁.

4. The instrument of claim 3 in which said glide slope output signal is subject to noise at frequencies above f₂ and in which said filter is a bandpass filter passing a band of frequencies between f₁ and f₂.

5. The instrument of claim 4 in which f₁ is 1/4Hz. and f₂ is 21/2 Hz.

6. The instrument of claim 2 including means for rectifying the spurious information signals passed by said filter, the output of the rectifying means being a function of the amplitude of the spurious information, said utilization inhibiting means being responsive to the rectified signal.

7. The instrument of claim 1 in which the means to inhibit utilization of the glide slope output signal upon occurrence of an excessive spurious fly up and fly down information signal has a first output signal, the instrument further including:

means responsive to the glide slope output signal for generating a signal which represents the rate of change of glide slope signal;

means responsive to an excessive rate of change of the glide slope fly up and fly down output signal, having a second output signal; and

means responsive to either of the first or second output signals to inhibit utilization of the glide slope guidance information.

8. The instrument of claim 1 including a time delay circuit responsive to the absence of an inhibit condition for a predetermined time to enable utilization of the glide slope guidance information.

9. The instrument of claim 8 in which the time delay is of the order of 15 seconds.

10. In an aircraft instrument for providing information based on the glide slope radio beam at an airport, the beam having a desired pattern along the intended glide path, providing valid fly up and fly down information and having undesired but unavoidable patterns along other paths providing spurious fly up and fly down information, the aircraft including means for receiving the glide slope radio beam, said receiving means having a glide slope output signal including both the valid and the spurious fly up and fly down information, a glide slope validity detector comprising:

means responsive to the glide slope output signal for generating a signal which represents the rate of change of glide slope signal; and

means responsive to the signal representing the rate of change of glide slope signal to inhibit utilization of the glide slope output signal upon occurrence of a glide slope rate signal which is in excess of a predetermined signal level.

11. The instrument of claim 10 including:

means for differentiating the glide slope output signal to generate a signal representing the rate of change of the fly up and fly down information;

means for generating a signal representing the rate of change of the barometric altitude of the aircraft;

means responsive to the signal representing the rate of change of barometric altitude and to the signal representing the rate of change of glide slope fly up and fly down information to detect a glide slope rate signal which differs from the rate of change of the barometric altitude signal by an amount exceeding a predetermined rate; and

means responsive to detection of such greater glide slope rate signal to inhibit utilization of the glide slope information.

12. The instrument of claim 11 including means responsive to the altitude of the aircraft above the ground to reduce the amplitude of the signal representing the rate of change of fly up and fly down information relative to the amplitude of the signal representing the rate of change of barometric altitude, at low altitudes to increase the range of glide slope rate signal for which glide slope information is utilized.

13. A warning instrument for alerting the pilot of an aircraft to a condition of undesired proximity to the ground at an airport equipped with a glide slope radio beam transmitter, comprising:

a source of signal in the aircraft responsive to said glide slope radio beam, said signal representing the direction and magnitude of angular deviation of the aircraft position above or below the glide slope defined by the glide slope radio beam;

a detector responsive to the signal from said source for detecting a below glide slope deviation signal representing a below glide slope condition in excess of an established value, said detector producing a below glide slope warning initiate signal; and

means responsive to the below glide slope warning initiate signal to actuate a pilot warning.

14. The instrument of claim 13 including:

means responsive to the glide slope deviation signal for establishing validity of the glide slope deviation signal; and

means responsive to a determination of validity of the glide slope deviation signal to enable provision of the warning signal.

15. The warning instrument of claim 13 including:

a source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft; and

means responsive to the altitude representing signal for varying as a function of altitude the established value of the below glide slope condition at which a below glide slope warning initiate signal is produced.

16. The warning instrument of claim 15 wherein said varying means includes means for increasing the amplitude of the glide slope deviation signal required to produce a warning initiate signal as altitude decreases.

17. The warning instrument of claim 16 including means responsive to an altitude representing signal to inhibit varying the value of the glide slope condition signal at which a warning initiate signal is produced, above a predetermined altitude.

18. The warning instrument of claim 13 including:

a source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft with respect to ground; and

means responsive to said altitude signal for increasing the amplitude of the glide slope deviation signal required to produce the below glide slope warning initiate signal, when the aircraft is below a predetermined altitude.

19. The warning instrument of claim 18 in which said warning instrument includes:

means for inhibiting said altitude signal above a predetermined altitude; and

means for subtracting said altitude signal from said glide slope deviation signal to require said greater deviation signal to produce a below glide slope warning initiate signal, below said predetermined altitude.

20. The warning instrument of claim 18 in which said warning instrument includes:

means responsive to the signal representing the altitude of the aircraft with respect to ground for generating a signal varying directly with the vertical position of the aircraft below a predetermined altitude; and

means for subtracting said vertical position signal from the glide slope deviation signal, a signal representing the difference being the input to the deviation detecting means, whereby the glide slope deviation signal required to produce a warning initiate signal increases as altitude decreases.

21. The warning instrument of claim 13 including:

a source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft with respect to ground; and

an AND gate having one input connected with the output of said glide slope deviation signal detecting means, another input connected with said source of altitude signal and an output connected with the pilot warning actuate means, said AND gate acting to inhibit a warning in the presence of a warning initiate output signal from the glide slope deviation signal detecting means when the aircraft is outside a desired altitude range.

22. The warning instrument of claim 21 wherein said source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft with respect to ground provides a first signal representing an upper altitude limit connected as one input of said AND gate and a second signal representing a lower altitude limit connected as another input to said AND gate.

23. The warning instrument of claim 22 in which said upper altitude limit is 700 feet and the lower altitude limit is 50 feet.

24. The warning instrument of claim 13 including:

a source of signal representing a condition of the aircraft suitable for landing; and

an AND gate having one input connected with the output of said glide slope deviation detecting means, another input connected with said source of aircraft configuration signal and an output connected with the pilot warning actuate means, said AND gate acting to inhibit a warning in the presence of a warning initiate output signal from the glide slope deviation signal detecting means when the aircraft is not in a configuration for landing.

25. The warning instrument of claim 24 in which said aircraft configuration signal source is responsive to the aircraft landing gear and provides a signal to said AND gate when the landing gear is extended.

26. A ground proximity warning system for aircraft comprising:

means for generating a signal representing the rate of change in the aircraft barometric altitude;

means for generating a signal representing the aircraft altitude above ground;

means for generating a signal representing the aircraft rate of change of altitude above ground;

means, providing a glide slope deviation signal representative of aircraft deviation below the glide slope;

means having inputs of said barometric rate signal, said altitude above ground signal, said rate of change in altitude signal and said glide slope deviation signal, to detect from said signals when the aircraft exceeds predetermined operating criteria with respect to the glide slope and aircraft altitude; and

a pilot warning connected with said detecting means and actuated when the aircraft exceeds said operating criteria.

27. A warning instrument for alerting the pilot of an aircraft of a condition of proximity to the ground, comprising:

a source of signal representing the rate of change of barometric altitude of the aircraft;

a source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft above the ground;

means for summing a signal representing a function of the rate of change of barometric altitude of the aircraft with a signal representing a function of the altitude of the aircraft above the ground;

means responsive to the sum signal for detecting a rate of change of altitude which is in excess of a predetermined value for the altitude of the aircraft above the ground to produce a sink rate warning command signal;

a source of signal representing the angular deviation of the aircraft position from a radio glide slope beam at an airport equipped with a glide slope radio beam transmitter;

means for detecting a glide slope deviation representing a below glide slope condition in excess of a predetermined value to produce a below glide slope warning command signal;

an OR gate having the sink rate warning command signal connected with one input and the glide slope warning command signal connected with another input and having a warning initiate output signal upon the occurrence of either warning command signal; and

means responsive to a warning initiate output signal from said OR gate to initiate a pilot warning.

28. A warning instrument for alerting the pilot of an aircraft of a condition of proximity to the ground, comprising:

a source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft above the ground;

a source of signal representing the rate of change of altitude of the aircraft with respect to the ground;

means for summing a signal representing a function of the altitude of the aircraft above the ground with a signal representing a function of the rate of change of altitude of the aircraft above the ground;

means responsive to the sum signal for detecting a rate of change of altitude above the ground which is in excess of a predetermined value for the altitude of the aircraft above the groundl to produce a terrain closure rate warning command signal;

a source of signal representing the angular deviation of the aircraft position from a radio glide slope beam at an airport equipped with a glide slope radio beam transmitter;

means for detecting a glide slope deviation representing a below glide slope condition in excess of a predetermined value to produce a below glide slope warning command signal;

an OR gate having the terrain closure rate warning command signal connected with one input and the glide slope warning command signal connected with another input and having a warning initiate output signal upon the occurrence of either warning command signal; and

means responsive to a warning initiate output signal from said OR gate to initiate a pilot warning.

29. A warning instrument for alerting the pilot of an aircraft of a condition of proximity to the ground, comprising:

a source of signal representing the altitude of the aircraft above the ground;

means responsive to a function of the altitude signal for detecting an altitude below a predetermined value for operation of the aircraft except in landing configuration, to produce a minimum terrain clearance signal;

means responsive to the physical configuration of the aircraft to establish a signal condition when the aircraft is configured for landing;

an AND gate having the aircraft landing configuration signal connected with one input and the minimum terrain clearance signal connected with another input, said AND gate having an output when the aircraft is below the minimum terrain clearance altitude and is not configured for landing, to produce a terrain clearance warning command signal;

a source of signal representing the angular deviation of the aircraft position from a radio glide slope beam at an airport equipped with a glide slope radio beam transmitter;

means for detecting a glide slope deviation representing a below glide slope condition in excess of a predetermined value to produce a below glide slope warning command signal;

an OR gate having the terrain clearance warning command signal connected with one input and the glide slope warning command signal connected with another input and having a warning initiate output signal upon the occurrence of either warning command signal; and

means responsive to a warning initiate output signal from said OR gate to initiate a pilot warning.