Identification - friend or foe system and method

• US 3,949,397 A
• Filed: 10/21/1974
• Issued: 04/06/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 02/06/1970
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Siemens AG
• Original Assignee: Siemens AG
• Inventors: Wagner, Gerhard, Albersdoerfer, Otto
• Primary Examiner(s): Hubler, Malcolm F.
• Application Number:
  US05/516,822
• Time in Patent Office: 533 Days
• Field of Search: 343/6.5 R, 343/6.5 LC, 343/6.8 R, 343/6.8 LC, 343/18 E, 343/114.5
• US Class Current: 342/45
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/78 discriminating between different kinds of targets, e.g. IFF-radar, i.e. identification of friend or foe G01S13/75, G01S13/79 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/782 using multimoding or selective addressing
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/36 Means for anti-jamming , e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/20 Countermeasures against jamming in radar G01S7/36; interference suppression in receivers H04B1/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/228 Elimination in the received signal of jamming or of data corrupted by jamming interference suppression in receivers H04B1/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/46 characterized in that the jamming signal is produced by retransmitting a received signal, after delay or processing
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/65 using deceptive jamming or spoofing, e.g. transmission of false signals for premature triggering of RCIED, for forced connection or disconnection to/from a network or for generation of dummy target signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/68 using passive jamming, e.g. by shielding or reflection shielding of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic field H05K9/00

Abstract

Identification -- friend or foe systems which utilize computer control continuously changing interrogation signals and responding signals have been developed. The signals are varied in a time dependent manner, however, it is possible that an intruder might intercept a proper responding signal and repeat the code of this responding signal, and thus confuse the interrogating station. The present system allows a responding signal to be used only once during a particular time interval so that an interrogating station will know that if an otherwise proper responding signal is received twice during a time interval, that the second signal is spurious.

Claims

1. An interrogation and responding system for time-dependently differing interrogation codes which are transmitted successively in time by an interrogation device and received by one or more answering units which know the time-dependent program of the interrogation device and which use a plurality of different time-dependent answering codes having a predetermined relationship to the interrogation codes, time standards in said interrogation device and in said answering units to provide a time standard for the control of the code sequence, means in said answering units for blocking answering codes which have been used during a predetermined time interval for a certain time so that they may not be transmitted and cannot be used more than once unless all available codes have been utilized and means in said answering units transmitting an answering code upon the next interrogation which has not been blocked since it has not been used for said certain time and said interrogation device including means for accepting as correct only a single answering code from an answering unit which has not been previously used within a predetermined time interval and not accepting as correct an answering code which has been previously used within a predetermined time period so as to assure that if the same answering codes are received said interrogating device only accepts the first one received as correct and does not accept the second answering code as correct.

2. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 1 wherein said answering units contain means for providing simultaneously several answering codes which are usable and admissible for an answer.

3. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 2, in which the maximum number of interrogation codes simultaneously available is chosen such that even when the maximum possible number of interrogations from said interrogation device occur that there are available answering codes which are not blocked.

4. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 2, in which the number of codes acceptable for an answer from an answering unit at a particular time is considerably smaller than the total number of possible answering codes for an entire code sequence.

5. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 1, in which said answering units contain storing means in which answering codes recently used are retained.

6. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 5, in which said storing means is emptied of codes which have been stored for the longest time as additional answering codes are received by said storing means.

7. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 1 in which the selection of the answering code is made according to an unreproducible statistical distribution.

8. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 1, in which simultaneously valid answering codes are all changed at the same time.

9. An interrogation and responding system according to claim 8, comprising providing bridging measures when said answering codes are changed.