Method of hydroprocessing wheat

• US 3,958,016 A
• Filed: 02/26/1975
• Issued: 05/18/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 02/26/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Pillsbury Company LLC (General Mills Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: The Pillsbury Company LLC (General Mills Incorporated)
• Inventors: Galle, Edward Louis, Kolosky, Joseph Francis, Mayou, Joseph Leo
• Primary Examiner(s): Jones, Raymond N.
• Application Number:
  US05/553,379
• Time in Patent Office: 447 Days
• Field of Search: 426/18, 426/61
• US Class Current: 426/61
• CPC Class Codes: A23L 7/104 Fermentation of farinaceous cereal or cereal material; Addition of enzymes or microorganisms

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a method for processing wheat in an aqueous medium to separate the endosperm from the husk wherein the starch granules of the endosperm are maintained in an intact, ungelatinized form and the gluten protein of the endosperm is maintained in a dispersible and substantially undenatured state. The aqueous medium is innoculated with a harmless micro-organism which selectively grows in each of the processing steps and thereby excludes the growth of pathogenic organisms in the system. The endosperm obtained from this process can be used as a baking ingredient after concentration or drying or it can be separated into its starch and gluten components.

Claims

1. In a process of hydroprocessing wheat to obtain a wheat product free from husk, said process being of the type wherein wheat is immersed in an aqueous medium and ground or macerated so as to substantially completely disrupt the normal cellular structure of and disperse the endosperm, and wherein the component fractions are subsequently separated from said ground or macerated wheat, throughout said process substantially all of the starch granules being maintained in an intact, ungelatinized form and substantially all of the gluten protein being maintained in a dispersible form and essentially undenatured with respect to doughing function, the improvement which comprises the step of:

inoculating said aqueous medium with a nonpathogenic organism which is not deleterious to said wheat product or said process and which will grow under the conditions of said process, the organic density of said nonpathogenic organism being sufficient to seed the hydroprocessing system with said nonpathogenic organism and create conditions nonconducive to the growth of pathogenic organisms, thereby reducing the potential for growth of said pathogenic organisms in said system.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is accomplished by alternately employing at least two different strains of non-pathogenic organisms.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-pathogenic organism is selected from the genus Lactobacillus.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-pathogenic organism is selected from the genus Lactobacillus and is selected from the species group consisting of Lactobacillus lactis, bulgaricus, acidophilus, plantarum, brevis, debrueckii, and fermentum.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-pathogenic organism is Lactobacillus fermentum.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the organism density of said non-pathogenic organisms within said hydroprocess is sufficient to insure that all dead spots within said system are seeded by said non-pathogenic organisms.

7. A method for hydroprocessing wheat to separate the endosperm from the husk and germ tissues, said method comprising the steps:

a. steeping 1 part by weight of wheat in at least 0.6 parts by weight of an aqueous acid steeping medium at temperatures ranging from 18°

C. to about 45°

C. until the grain has attained a moisture content of from about 41% to about 56% by weight of the hydrated grain, said steeping medium containing acid in concentration and quantity sufficient to maintain the pH of said steeping medium external of the grain between 1.2 and 5.0 and to reduce the internal pH of the hydrated grain to between 3.0 and 5.6, said steeping medium also containing an inoculant of a nonpathogenic organism which will regenerate itself under the conditions of steeping specified herein and which is not deleterious to the wheat product or process, the organism density of said nonpathogenic organism being sufficient to seed the hydroprocessing system with said nonpathogenic organism and thereby reduce the potential for growth of pathogenic organisms in said system;

b. macerating the hydrated grain to split the husk and expose the endosperm as a plastic mass while maintaining at least 90% by weight of the husk and the germ above a minimum dimension of 300 microns;

c. dispersing the macerated grain in an aqueous dispersing medium to a solids concentration of from 4% to about 30% and maintaining the pH of said dispersion between about 3.0 and 5.6;

the dispersing shear being sufficient to disengage the endosperm from the husk and germ tissues; and

,

d. separating said dispersion into a particulate husk and germ fraction and an endosperm dispersion while maintaining throughout the process substantially all of the starch granules in an intact, ungelatinized form and maintaining substantially all of the gluten protein in a dispersible and substantially undenatured state with respect to doughing function.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, during the dispersing step, at least 90% by weight of the husk and germ are maintained above a minimum dimension of 300 microns.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein, after steeping, the residual steeping medium is separated from the hydrated grain.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the steeping medium contains an acid in concentration and quantity sufficient to maintain the pH of said steeping medium external of the grain between 1.5 and 4.5.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, in the dispersing step, the pH of said dispersion is maintained at between 3.0 and 5.2.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, after the separating step, a portion of the water is removed from said endosperm dispersion.

13. The process of claim 7, wherein the dissolved oxygen content within said processing system is maintained at less than 5% by volume.

14. The process of claim 13, wherein the dissolved oxygen content of said system is maintained at less than 3% by volume.

15. The process of claim 14, wherein the dissolved oxygen content of said system is maintained at less than 1% by volume.

16. The process of claim 7, wherein during steeping said process is inoculated with said organisms to achieve an organism density of at least 10³ organisms per gram of steep.

17. The process of claim 16, wherein the organism density is at least 10⁵ organisms per gram of steep.

18. The process of claim 17, wherein the organism density is at least 10⁷ organisms per gram of steep.

19. The process of claim 16, wherein the organism density is from 100,000 to about 900,000 per gram of steep.

20. The process of claim 7, wherein said steeping is conducted for a period of time of from about 12 hours to about 24 hours, and wherein said inoculant of said non-pathogenic organism is added to the steeping medium of step (a) after about one-half of the steeping time period has expired.