Fuel cell cooling system

• US 3,964,930 A
• Filed: 07/21/1975
• Issued: 06/22/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 07/21/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Reiser, Carl A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mack, John H.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Feeley, H. A.
• Application Number:
  US05/597,614
• Time in Patent Office: 337 Days
• Field of Search: 136/86 R, 136/86 E, 136/86 B, 136/86 C
• US Class Current: 429/435
• CPC Class Codes: F28D 2021/0043 for fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: F28F 19/04 of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04029 Heat exchange using liquids
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04074 Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/08 Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

A cooler for removing waste heat from a stack of fuel cells includes a plurality of tubes for carrying the coolant through the stack. The tubes are disposed adjacent the nonelectrolyte side of electrodes in the stack in grooves or passageways formed in the surface of plates which separate one cell in the stack from another. Since the tubes are exposed to the electrolyte used in the stack they must be made from or at least include a protective coating of material which is stable in the electrolyte. Preferably this material is also a dielectric to prevent shunt currents from passing into the tubes and coolant which may be water.

Claims

1. In a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of cells connected electrically in series and electrically conductive separator plate means disposed between each pair of adjacent cells, said plate means including a pair of opposed surfaces, one facing each cell, each of said cells comprising an anode electrode and a cathode electrode spaced apart and including a matrix disposed therebetween adapted to hold electrolyte, said surfaces having channels formed therein in gas communication with said electrodes for carrying reactant gases into communication with said electrodes, an improvement to said stack comprising:

at least one of said opposed surfaces of at least one of said separator plate means in said stack including passageways formed therein parallel to the plane of said surface; and

cooler means for carrying a coolant into heat exchange relationship with said cells and including a plurality of cooler tubes disposed in said passageways and passing through said plate means.

2. The improvement to said stack according to claim 1 wherein said tubes comprise a material compatible with the electrolyte to be used in the cell.

3. The improvement to said stack according to claim 2 wherein said tubes comprise electrically conductive wall means having an internal surface and an external surface, and said material is a continuous coating on said external surface.

4. The improvement to said stack according to claim 3 wherein said material is a dielectric material.

5. The improvement according to claim 4 wherein said cells include phosphoric acid electrolyte and said dielectric material is a fluorocarbon polymer.

6. A fuel cell power plant cooling system comprising:

a non-dielectric coolant;

a load;

electrical connection means;

a plurality of fuel cell stacks connected electrically in series to each other via said electrical connection means and connected electrically in series with said load, said series of stacks being connected electrically to ground, each stack comprising a plurality of cells connected electrically in series, each cell comprising an anode electrode and a cathode electrode spaced apart and including an electrolyte retaining matrix disposed therebetween, electrically conductive separator plate means disposed between each pair of adjacent cells in each stack, said plate means including a pair of opposed surfaces, one facing each cell, said surfaces having channels formed therein in gas communication with said electrodes for carrying reactant gases in communication with said electrodes, at least one of said opposed surfaces of at least one of said separator plate means in said stack including passageways formed therein parallel to the plane of said surface, each of said stacks including a cooler, said coolant disposed within said cooler, said cooler including cooler tubes disposed within said passageways and passing through said plate means, said tubes comprising a material compatible with said electrolyte; and

coolant circulation means connected electrically to ground and in fluid communication with each of said tubes.

7. The fuel cell power plant cooling system according to claim 6 wherein said coolant is water.

8. The fuel cell power plant cooling system according to claim 7 wherein each of said coolers includes conduit means interconnecting said coolers and said circulation means, said conduit means adapted to create a high electrical resistance path through said coolant, said cooler including sacrificial electrode material at the higher potential end of said resistance path.

9. The fuel cell power plant according to claim 8 wherein said tubes comprise electrically conductive wall means having an internal surface and an external surface, and said material is a continuous coating on said external surface and is a dielectric material.