Multichannel system for and a multifactorial method of controlling the nervous system of a living organism

• US 3,967,616 A
• Filed: 09/05/1974
• Issued: 07/06/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/1972
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sidney A. Ross
• Original Assignee: Sidney A. Ross
• Inventors: Ross, Sidney A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Kyle L.
• Application Number:
  US05/503,468
• Time in Patent Office: 670 Days
• Field of Search: 128/2.1 B, 128/1 C, 128/2.1 R, 128/422
• US Class Current: 600/27
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/369 Electroencephalography [EEG] devices for psychotechnics A61B5/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/372 Analysis of electroencephalograms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/375 using biofeedback
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/377 using evoked responses
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4094 Diagnosing or monitoring seizure diseases, e.g. epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/905 Feedback to patient of biological signal other than brain electric signal

Abstract

A novel method for controlling the nervous system of a living organism for therapeutic and research purposes, among other applications, and an electronic system utilized in, and enabling the practice of, the invented method. Bioelectrical signals generated in specifictopological areas of the organism'"'"'s nervous system, typically areas of the brain, are processed by the invented system so as to produce a sensory stimulus if the system detects the presence or absence, as the case may be, of certain characteristics in the waveform patterns of the bioelectrical signals being monitored. The coincidence of the same or different characteristics in two or more waveform patterns, or the non-coincidence thereof, may be correlated with a certain desired condition of the organism'"'"'s nervous system; likewise, with respect to the coincidence or non-coincidence of different characteristics of a single waveform pattern. In any event, the sensory stimulus provided by the invented system, typically an audio or visual stimulus, or combination thereof, is fed back to the organism which associates its presence with the goal of achieving the desired condition of its nervous system. Responding to the stimulus, the organism can be trained to control the waveform patterns of the monitored bioelectrical signals and thereby, control its own nervous system. The results of the coincidence function permit results heretofore unobtainable.

Claims

1. A method of controlling the nervous system of a living organism comprising the steps of:

a. detecting one or more bioelectrical signals from one or more topological locations in said organism'"'"'s nervous system;

b. passing said one or more bioelectrical signals through a plurality of electronic means responsive to the presence of at least one electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal, each of said responsive means being adapted to provide a first output signal whenever said electrical characteristic of interest is present;

c. determining by electronic logic means when said plurality of first output signals, or any subset thereof, is present or absent in a predetermined manner indicative of a desired condition of said organism'"'"'s nervous system, said logic means being adapted to provide a second output signal when said desired condition is indicated;

d. transducing said second output signal into a discrete sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism; and

e. causing said organism to concentrate mentally so as to produce or change the state of said discrete sensory signal;

whereby said organism is trained to alter the waveform pattern of said one or more bioelectrical signals, said discrete sensory stimulus being presented to said organism as a reward for producing our suppressing said electrical characteristics of interest in said one or more signals, thereby achieving said desired condition of said nervous system.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said electrical characteristic of interest in any of said bioelectrical signals is:

i. a preselected frequency component thereof;

ii. an amplitude thereof greater than a preselected minimum;

or

iii. a preselected frequency component thereof having a preselected minimum amplitude.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said preselected minimum amplitude is any detectable amplitude greater than zero.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein one bioelectrical signal is detected from one topological location in said organism'"'"'s nervous system and passed through a plurality of said responsive means.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of bioelectrical signals is detected from a plurality of topological locations in said organism'"'"'s nervous system and passed through a corresponding plurality of said responsive means.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of bioelectrical signals is detected from a plurality of topological locations in said organism'"'"'s nervous system, and wherein at least one of said bioelectrical signals is passed through at least two of said plurality of responsive means, and said other bioelectrical signals, if any, are each passed through one of said responsive means.

7. The method of claim 1 including, following step (c) thereof, the additional step of passing said second output through a timing circuit adapted to detect whether said second output is present for a preselected minimum duration and to pass said second output signal only if it persists for said minimum duration.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein in step (c) thereof, said plurality of first output signals, or any subset thereof, are determined to be present or absent concurrently.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein in step (c) thereof, at least two of said plurality of first output signals are determined to be present or absent sequentially in time.

10. The method of claim 1 including, following step (d) thereof, the additional step of controlling by electronic timing means the duration of the presentation of said sensory stimulus to said organism.

11. The method of claim 1 including, following step (a) thereof, the additional steps of:

i. passing at least one of said bioelectrical signals through second electronic means responsive to the presence of an electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform thereof and adapted to provide a third output signal which is an electrical analog of said characteristic of interest, if present; and

ii. transducing said third output signal into a sensory stimulus which is also an analog of said characteristic of interest, said stimulus being capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism, said analog sensor stimulus being presented to said organism as a reward for producing said corresponding bioelectrical signal having said characteristic of interest.

12. The method of claim 1 including, before step (d) thereof, the additional steps of:

i. detecting the presence of at least one undesirable electrical characteristic in the waveform of at least one of said bioelectrical signals; and

ii. inhibiting the appearance of said second output signal by electronic inhibit means when and if said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected;

whereby, said method is inhibited by inhibiting the presentation of said discrete sensory stimulus to said organism.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said undesirable electrical characteristics in said bioelectrical signal is:

i. a preselected frequency component thereof;

ii. an amplitude thereof greater than a preselected magnitude;

or

iii. a preselected frequency component thereof having a preselected minimum amplitude.

14. The method of claim 12 including the additional step of maintaining by electronic timing means the inhibition of said second output signal for a preselected duration once said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected.

15. The method of claim 12 including the additional step of providing a second sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism whenever said method is inhibited;

whereby said organism is informed that at least one undesirable electrical characteristic has been detected.

16. The method of claim 1 including, following step (a) thereof, the additional steps of:

i. passing at least one of said bioelectrical signals through second electronic means responsive to the presence of at least one electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform thereof and adapted to provide a third output signal which is an electrical analog of said characteristic of interest, if present;

ii. transducing said third output signal into a sensory stimulus which is also an analog of said characteristic of interest, said stimulus being capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism, said analog sensory stimulus being presented to said organism as a reward for producing said corresponding bioelectrical signal having said characteristic of interest;

iii. detecting the presence of at least one undesirable electrical characteristic in the waveform of at least one of said bioelectrical signals;

iv. before steps (d) and (ii), inhibiting the appearance of said second and third output signals by electronic inhibit means when and if said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected;

whereby, said method is inhibited by inhibiting the presentation of said discrete and analog sensory stimuli to said organism.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said undesirable electrical characteristics in said bioelectrical signal is;

i. a particular frequency component thereof;

ii. an amplitude thereof greater than a preselected mangitude;

or

iii. a particular frequency component thereof having a preselected minimum amplitude.

18. The method of claim 16 including the additional step of maintaining by electronic timing means the inhibition of said second and third output signals for a preselected duration once said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected.

19. A method of controlling the nervous system of a living organism comprising the steps of:

a. detecting one or more bioelectrical signals from one or more topological locations in said organism'"'"'s nervous system;

b. passing said one or more bioelectrical signals through a plurality of electronic means responsive to the presence of at least one electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal, each of said responsive means being adapted to provide a first output signal whenever said electrical characteristic of interest is present, wherein said electrical characteristic of interest in any of said bioelectrical signals is;

i. a preselected frequency component thereof;

ii. an amplitude thereof greater than a preselected minimum;

or

iii. a preselected frequency component thereof having a preselected minimum amplitude;

c. determing by electronic logic means when said plurality of first output signals, or any subset thereof, is present or absent in a predetermined manner indicative of a desired condition of said organism'"'"'s nervous system, said logic means being adapted to provide a second output signal when said desired condition is indicated;

d. passing said second output signal through a timing circuit adapted to detect whether said second output is present for a preselected minimum duration and to pass said second output signal only if it persists for said minimum duration;

e. detecting the presence of at least one undesirable electrical characteristic in the waveform of at least one of said bioelectrical signals;

f. inhibiting the appearance of said second output signal by electronic inhibit means when and if said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected;

g. transducing said second output signal into a discrete sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism; and

h. causing said organism to concentrate mentally so as to produce or change the state of said discrete sensory signal;

whereby said organism is trained to alter the waveform pattern of said one or more bioelectrical signals, said discrete sensory stimulus being presented to said organism as a reward for producing or suppressing said electrical characteristics of interest in said one or more signals, and for suppressing said undesirable electrical characteristic, thereby achieving said desired condition of said nervous system.

20. A system for controlling the nervous system of a living organism comprising:

a. one or more means for detecting a bioelectrical signal disposed at one or more topological locations in the nervous system of said organism;

b. a plurality of electronic means responsive to the presence of at least one electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal, each of said responsive means being electrically coupled to one of said bioelectrical signal detection means and being adapted to provide at its output a first output signal whenever said electrical characteristic of interest is present;

c. electronic logic means for determining when said plurality of first output signals, or any subset thereof, is present or absent in a predetermined manner indicative of a desired condition of said organism'"'"'s nervous system, said logic means having a plurality of inputs electrical coupled to corresponding outputs from said plurality of responsive means; and

d. means for transducing said second output signal into a discrete sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism, said transducing means being electrically coupled to the output of said logic means;

whereby said organism is trained to alter the waveform pattern of said one or more bioelectrical signals by concentrating so as to produce or change the state of said discrete sensory stimulus, said sensory stimulus being presented to said organism as a reward for producing or suppressing said electrical characteristics of interest in said one or more signals, thereby achieving said desired condition of said nervous system.

21. The system of claim 20 wherein said means for detecting said bioelectrical signals are electrodes adapted to be coupled to said organism.

22. The system of claim 20 wherein each of said plurality of responsive means is electrically coupled to said bioelectrical signal detection means through means for amplifying said signal.

23. The system of claim 20 wherein at least one of said responsive means comprises a bandpass filter responsive to a preselected frequency component of said bioelectrical signal.

24. The system of claim 20 wherein at least one of said responsive means comprises means for sensing voltage amplitude responsive to an amplitude of said bioelectrical signal which is greater than a preselected minimum.

25. The system of claim 20 wherein at least one of said responsive means comprises a bandpass filter electrically coupled to means for sensing voltage amplitude, said combination thereof being responsive to a preselected frequency component of said bioelectrical signal having a preselected minimum amplitude.

26. The system of claim 20 wherein one bioelectrical signal detection means is disposed at one topological location in said organism'"'"'s nervous system and electrically coupled to each of said plurality of responsive means.

27. The system of claim 20 wherein a plurality of bioelectrical signal detection means are disposed at a plurality of topological locations in said organism'"'"'s nervous system and each is electrically coupled to a corresponding one of said plurality of responsive means.

28. The system of claim 20 wherein a plurality of bioelectrical signal detection means are disposed at a plurality of topological locations in said organism'"'"'s nervous system, and wherein at least one of said detection means is electrically coupled to at least two of said plurality of responsive means, and said other detection means, if any, are each electrically coupled to one of said plurality of responsive means.

29. The system of claim 20 including in addition thereto means for sensing the duration of said second output signal, said duration sensing means being electrically coupled between said logic means and said transducing means and being adapted to pass said second output signal only if it is present for a said preselected minimum duration.

30. The system of claim 20 wherein said logic means is adapted to provide said second output signal when said plurality of first output signals, or any subset thereof, are present or absent concurrently.

31. The system of claim 20 wherein said logic means comprises means for timing intervals, said timing means being adapted to enable the determination of whether at least one of said plurality of first output signals is present or absent during a preselected interval following the presence or absence of at least one other of said first output signals, said logic means being adapted to provide said second output signal only if said interval condition is satisfied.

32. The system of claim 20 having in addition thereto electronic means for timing the duration of the presentation of said sensory stimulus to said organism, said timing means being electrically coupled to said transducing means.

33. The system of claim 20 having in addition thereto;

i. at least one second means responsive to the presence of an electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal and adapted to provide a third output signal which is a unipolar electrical analog of said characteristic of interest, if present, said second responsive means being electrically coupled to one of said bioelectrical signal detection means; and

ii. second means for transducing said third output signal into a sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism, said stimulus also being an analog of said characteristic of interest and being electrically coupled to the output of said second responsive means,

whereby said analog sensory stimulus is presented to said organism as a reward for producing said corresponding bioelectrical signal with said characteristic of interest.

34. The system of claim 20 having in addition thereto:

i. at least one means for detecting the presence of an undesirable electrical characteristic in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal and adapted to provide at its output an inhibit signal whenever said undesirable characteristic is detected, said undesirable characteristic detection means being electrically coupled to one of said bioelectrical signal detection means; and

ii. means for inhibiting the appearance of said second output signal, said inhibit means being responsive to said inhibit signal, the input of said inhibit means being electrically coupled to said undesirable characteristic detection means and the output thereof being electrically coupled to each of said plurality of responsive means,

whereby, the presentation of said discrete sensory stimulus to said organism is inhibited.

35. The system of claim 34 wherein said means for detecting the presence of an undesirable characteristic in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal comprises:

i. an attenuator;

ii. a bandpass filter;

iii. means for rectifying;

iv. means for integrating; and

v. means for sensing voltage ampltiude, said components being electrically coupled in series.

36. The system of claim 34 having in addition thereto a timing circuit adapted to control the duration for which said inhibit means is operative once said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected, said timing circuit being electrically coupled to said inhibit means.

37. The system of claim 34 having in addition thereto means for transducing said inhibit signal into a second discrete sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism;

whereby, said organism is informed that at least one undesirable electrical characteristic has been detected.

38. The system of claim 34 having more than one means for detecting the presence of an undesirable electrical characteristic and a corresponding number of means for transducing said inhibit signal into a discrete sensory stimulus,

whereby, said organism is informed, by a separate stimulus, whenever any of said undesirable characteristics has been detected.

39. The system of claim 20 having in addition thereto;

i. at least one second means responsive to the presence of an electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal and adapted to provide a third output signal which is a unipolar electrical analog of said characteristic of interest, if present, said second responsive means being electrically coupled to one of said bioelectrical signal detection means;

ii. second means for transducing said third output signal into a sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism, said stimulus also being an analog of said characteristic of interest and being electrically coupled to the output of said second responsive means,

iii. at least one means for detecting the presence of an undesirable electrical characteristic in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal and adapted to provide at its output an inhibit signal whenever said undesirable characteristic is detected, said undesirable characteristic detection means being electrically coupled to one of said bioelectrical signal detection means; and

iv. means for inhibiting the appearance of said second and third output signals, said inhibit means being responsive to said inhibit signal, the input of said inhibit means being electrically coupled to said undesirable characteristic detection means and the output thereof being electrically coupled to each of said plurality of responsive means,

whereby, the presentation of said discrete and analog sensory stimuli to said organism is inhibited.

40. The system of claim 39 having in addition thereto a timing circuit adapted to control the duration for which said inhibit means is operative once said undesirable electrical characteristic is detected, said timing circuit being electrically coupled to said inhibit means.

41. A system for controlling the nervous system of a living organism comprising:

a. one or more electrodes adapted to be coupled to one or more topological locations in the nervous system of said organism and to detect one or more bioelectrical signals therein;

b. a plurality of electronic means responsive to the presence of at least one electrical characteristic of interest in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal, each of said responsive means being electrically coupled to one of said electrodes through amplifying means and being adapted to provide at its output a first output signal whenever said electrical characteristic of interest is present;

c. electronic logic means for determining when said plurality of first output signals, or any subset thereof, is present or absent in a predetermined manner indicative of a desired condition of said organism'"'"'s nervous system, said logic means having a plurality of inputs electrically coupled to corresponding outputs from said plurality of responsive means;

d. means for sensing the duration of said second output signal, said duration sensing means being electrically coupled to the output of said logic means and being adapted to pass said second output signal only if it is present for a said preselected minimum duration;

e. at least one means for detecting the presence of an undesirable electrical characteristic in the waveform of a bioelectrical signal and adapted to provide at its output an inhibit signal whenever said undesirable characteric is detected, said undesirable characteristic detection means being electrically coupled to one of said bioelectrical signal detection means;

f. means for inhibiting the appearance of said second output signal, said inhibit means being responsive to said inhibit signal, the input of said inhibit means being electrically coupled to said undesirable characteristic detection means and the output thereof being electrically coupled to each of said plurality of responsive means and to said duration sensing means; and

g. means for transducing said second output signal into a discrete sensory stimulus capable of stimulating at least one of the senses of said organism, said transducing means being electrically coupled to the output of said logic means;

whereby said organism is trained to alter the waveform pattern of said one or more bioelectrical signals by concentrating so as to produce or change the state of said discrete sensory stimulus, said sensory stimulus being presented to said organism as a reward for producing or suppressing said electrical characteristics of interest in said one or more signals, and for suppressing said undesirable electrical characteristic, thereby achieving said desired condition of said nervous system.