Synchronization system for variable length encoded signals

• US 3,971,888 A
• Filed: 04/02/1975
• Issued: 07/27/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Chow, Ming-Chwan, Ching, Yau Chau
• Primary Examiner(s): Martin, John C.
• Application Number:
  US05/564,285
• Time in Patent Office: 482 Days
• Field of Search: 178/69.5 TV, 178/DIG. 3, 178/69.5 R, 178/DIG. 22, 325/41, 325/38 R, 179/15 BS, 179/2 TV
• US Class Current: 375/240.08
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/68 involving the insertion of resynchronisation markers into the bitstream
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/89 involving methods or arrangements for detection of transmission errors at the decoder

Abstract

In a digital transmission system that encodes each sample of a video signal into a variable bit length data word to form a consecutive stream of variable bit length data words, synchronization between the received data words and their properly associated spatial addresses is maintained by periodically interposing synchronization words into the transmitted data stream. After initialization at the beginning of a video field, each picture element along each active scan line is consecutively sampled and encoded into a variable bit length data word. Each scan line is divided into segments having a predetermined number of sample positions included therein. A word counter cyclically counts each sample as it is encoded to provide a representation of the horizontal position of each code word within a segment along a scan line. The relative horizontal position of each code word is thus represented by the count of the word counter. The cumulative number of bits in the data stream is simultaneously cyclically counted as each sample is encoded. At each instant at which the bit counter reaches a predetermined count, an error correction encoded representation of the present count of the word counter (i.e., a synchronization word) is inserted into the data stream. At the receiver, after initialization, each successive variable bit length code word is decoded and directed to the next consecutive picture element. A word counter counts each word as it is decoded while a bit counter cyclically counts each received data bit. At each instant at which the bit counter reaches the predetermined count, the synchronization word in the data stream is decoded and the relative horizontal position indicated by the synchronization word is compared with the spatial position indicated by the word decoder. If a deviation exists between the two spatial positions, indicative of a transmission error in the data stream, the word counter is updated and the next successively decoded variable length data words are addressed to their proper spatial positions.

Claims

1. A synchronization system for use in the transmission of a data stream of variable bit length code words comprising

first counting means for cumulatively counting said code words, second counting means operative concurrently with said first counting means for cyclically counting the cumulative number of bits in said data stream, encoding means operative when said second counting means reaches a predetermined count for generating a synchronization word by encoding the current count of said first counting means, and means for inserting said synchronization word into said data stream so that the inserted synchronization word indicates a selected code word in said data stream.

2. A synchronization system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said encoding means encodes the current count of said first counting means into a fixed length error-correction encoded synchronization word.

3. A synchronization system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said first counting means counts the code words in a cyclical manner to a predetermined maximum count, the inserted synchronization word indicating the relative count of a selected word in the data stream.

4. A synchronization system for use in the transmission of a data stream of variable bit length code words, each word in the data stream being associated with a horizontal and vertical spatial position, said synchronization system comprising a word counter for cumulatively counting each code word in the data stream, a bit counter operative concurrently with said word counter for cyclically counting the cumulative number of bits in each word in the data stream, encoding means operative when said bit counter reaches a predetermined count for generating a synchronization word by encoding the current count of said word counter, and means for inserting said synchronization word into said data stream, the inserted synchronization word indicating a spatial position associated with a selected code word in said data stream.

5. A synchronization system in accordance with claim 4, wherein said encoding means encodes the current count of said word counter into an error-correction encoded synchronization word.

6. A synchronization system in accordance with claim 4, wherein said word counter cyclically counts the successive code words associated with each horizontal sequence of spatial positions so that the inserted synchronization word indicates the horizontal position associated with a selected code word in said data stream.

7. A synchronization system in accordance with claim 6, wherein said word counter cyclically counts the successive code words associated with predetermined groups of horizontal sequences of spatial positions, each group of spatial positions being a portion of the total number of horizontal spatial positions associated with each vertical spatial position, the inserted synchronization word indicating the relative horizontal position associated with a selected code word in said data stream.

8. A transmitter for encoding and transmitting video signals, said video signals having a predetermined number of scan lines associated with each video field, each video scan line being interspaced by a horizontal sync pulse and each video field being interspaced by a verticall sync pulse, said transmitter comprising:

clocking means for generating clock pulses, sampling means for periodically sampling said video signal at said clock pulse instances, first encoding means for encoding each sample of said video signal into a variable bit length code word, means responsive to said video signals and said clocking means for generating a predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse, means for combining said digital representation of said vertical sync pulse and the successive variable bit length code words generated by said first encoding means into a data stream, a word counter for cumulatively counting each code word encoded by said first encoding means, a bit counter operative concurrently with said word counter for cyclically counting the cumulative number of bits in the successive code words encoded by said first encoding means, second encoding means operative when said bit counter reaches a predetermined count for generating a synchronization word by encoding the current count of said word counter, means for inserting said synchronization word into said data stream, and transmitter output means for transmitting said data stream including said inserted synchronization word.

9. A transmitter in accordance with claim 8 wherein said second encoding means encodes the current count of said word counter into a fixed-length error correction encoded synchronization word.

10. A transmitter in accordance with claim 8 wherein said word counter cyclically counts the successive code words associated with the samples of the video signal on each scan line so that the inserted synchronization word indicates the horizontal position on the scan line assoicated with a selected code word in the data stream.

11. A transmitter in accordance with claim 10 wherein said word counter cyclically counts the successive code words associated with predetermined groups of the samples of the video signals on a scan line, each group of samples on each scan line being a portion of the total number of samples of each scan line, the inserted synchronization word indicating the relative horizontal position on a scan line associated with a selected code word.

12. A transmitter in accordance with claim 8 wherein said first encoding means includes means for converting the magnitude of the samples into a digital representation having a fixed number of digits, generating means for generating aa representation of the number of significant digits in each of said fixed length digital representations of said samples, an output lead, means for combining the representation of the number of significant digits and said fixed length digital representation to form on said output lead a variable bit length code word for each sample.

13. A transmitter in accordance with claim 12 wherein said first encoder means further includes means for inhibiting on said output lead said variable bit length code words when said second encoding means reaches said predetermined count.

14. A receiver for receiving and decoding a data stream of variable bit length words, each word in said data stream being a representation of a sample of a video signal, each of said words in said data stream being associated with a predetermined spatial position, said video signal having a predetermined number of video scan lines associated with a video field, each video scan line being interspaced by a horizontal sync pulse and each video field being interspaced with a vertical sync pulse, said data stream including a predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse, said data stream further including synchronization words which indicate the spatial position of selected code words in said data stream, said synchronization words being interspaced by a predetermined number of bits, said receiver comprising:

detecting means for detecting said predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse in said data stream, clocking means for generating clock pulses, variable bit length decoding means responsive to said clock pulses for successively detecting the received variable bit length sample code words that follow said predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse in said data stream, generating means responsive to said clock pulses and said detecting means for generating signals representative of said vertical sync pulses and said horizontal sync pulses, conversion means responsive to said variable bit length decoding means and said generating means for converting the detected samples into an analog video signal, a word counter fo cumulatively counting the detected variable bit length code words, the count of said word counter indicating the spatial position of each detected variable bit length code word within the video field being decoded, a bit counter operative concurrently with said word counter for cyclically counting the cumulative number of bits in said data stream, synchronization word decoding means operative when said bit counter reaches a predetermined count for decoding the transmitted synchronization word, comparing means for comparing the spatial position indicated by said synchronization word decoding means and said word counter, and adjusting means responsive to said comparing means for adjusting the spatial positions associated with the variable bit length code words following the synchronization word in the data stream.

15. A receiver in accordance with claim 14, wherein said transmitted synchronization words indicate the horizontal position of selected code words in said data stream, and said word counter cyclically counts the indicated variable bit length code words associated with the samples of each horizontal video scan line.

16. A receiver in accordance with claim 14, wherein said comparing means includes a first comparator responsive only when the spatial position indicated by said synchronization word is ahead of the spatial position indicated by said word counter, and a second comparator responsive only when the spatial position indicated by said synchronization word is behind the spatial position indicated by said word counter.

17. A receiver in accordance with claim 16, wherein said adjusting means includes inhibiting means responsive to said first comparator for inhibiting said word counter from counting a number of variable bit length code words equal to the difference in spatial positions indicated by said word counter and said synchronization word, and means responsive to said second comparator for decreasing the count of said word counter by the difference in spatial positions indicated by said word counter and said synchronization word.

18. A transmission system for transmitting and receiving a digital representation of a video signal, said video signal having a predetermined number of scan lines associated with each video field, each video scan line being interspaced by a horizontal sync pulse and each video field being interspaced by a vertical sync pulse, said transmission system comprising:

transmitter clocking means for generating transmitter clock pulses, sampling means for periodically sampling said video signal at said transmitter clock pulse instants, first encoding means for encoding each sample of said video signal into a variable bit length code word, means responsive to said video signal and said transmitter clocking means for generating a predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse, means for combining said digital representation of said vertical sync pulse and the successive variable bit length code words generated by said first encoding means into a data stream, a transmitter word counter for cumulatively counting each code word encoded by said first encoding means, a transmitter bit counter operative concurrently with said word counter for cyclically counting the cumulative number of bits in the successive code words encoded by said first encoding means, second encoding means operative when said bit counter reaches a predetermined count for generating a synchronization word by encoding the current count of said transmitter word counter, means for inserting said synchronization word in said data stream, a transmission medium, transmitter output means for transmitting said data stream onto said transmission medium, receiver input means connected to said transmission medium for receiving said transmitted data stream, receiver clocking means for generating receiver clock pulse, detecting means for detecting said predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse in said received data stream, variable bit length decoding means responsive to said receiver clock pulses for successively detecting the transmitted variable bit length code words that follow said predetermined digital representation of said vertical sync pulse in said data stream, generating means responsive to said receiver clock pulses and said detecting means for generating signals representative of said vertical sync pulses and said horizontal sync pulses, conversion means responsive to said variable bit length decoding means and said generating means for converting the detected samples into an analog video signal, a receiver word counter for cumulatively counting the detected variable bit length code words, the count of said word counter indicating the spatial position of each detected variable bit length code word within the video field being decoded, a receiver bit counter operative concurrently with said receiver word counter for cyclically counting the cumulative number of bits in said received data stream, synchronization word decoding means operative when said receiver bit counter reaches said predetermined count for decoding the transmitted synchronization word, comparing means for comparing the spatial position indicated by said synchronization word decoding means and said receiver word counter, and adjusting means responsive to said comparing means for adjusting the spatial positions associated with the variable bit length code words following the synchronization word in the data stream.

19. A transmission system in accordance with claim 18 wherein said second encoding means encodes the current count of said transmitter word counter into a fixed length error correction encode synchronization word.

20. A transmission system in accordance with claim 18 wherein said transmitter word counter cyclically counts the successive code words associated with the samples of the video signal on each scan line so that the inserted synchronization word indicates the horizontal position on the scan line associated with a selected code word in the data stream.