Retry method and apparatus for use in a magnetic recording and reproducing system

• US 3,984,814 A
• Filed: 12/24/1974
• Issued: 10/05/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Inventors: Barlow, George J., Bailey, Myrl Kennedy Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shaw, Gareth D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chapnick, Melvin B.
• Application Number:
  US05/536,281
• Time in Patent Office: 651 Days
• Field of Search: 340/172.5, 235/153 AK
• US Class Current: 714/16
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/141 for bus or memory accesses

Abstract

A magnetic tape subsystem includes a peripheral controller which processes data signals of a block received during the reading and recording of the block on a magnetic tape medium by a selected one of a plurality of magnetic tape devices in response to commands received from a data processing system. The peripheral controller includes a data recovery unit having a plurality of storage indicators. These indicators are set by the controller in accordance with the characteristics of the block of data signals recovered by the data recovery unit providing indications of the results of the reading or recording operation performed by the selected magnetic tape device during the peripheral controller'"'"'s execution of the command. The controller divides up the interval of time of an operation into a number of time periods and monitors the characteristics of the signals of a block which should be received by the data recovery unit during those intervals. During execution of a write command, the controller monitors the tape recording or write operation during different time intervals by monitoring the continuity of the signals recorded by the magnetic tape device indications of which the data recovery unit receives during its performance of a read after write checking operation. The various indicators signal whether the block written was normal or was damaged in addition to signaling the extent of damage which occurred during the writing of the block. Signals representative of the indications are grouped to specify at least two types of error conditions which are tested by the controller to establish whether the command is retryable and nonretryable. The peripheral controller initiates a retry of the command executed only when the indicator signal that the extent of damage has not exceeded a predetermined amount thereby ensuring that only commands which can be retried successfully are re-executed. The controller performs similar monitoring operations during the execution of read commands for establishing signal indications used in determining whether the command should be retried upon detection of errors in the block read by the data recovery unit.

Claims

1. A method for retrying commands received by a magnetic tape peripheral controller from a data processing unit coupled to said controller during the handling of error conditions occurring during the execution of read and write operations respectively in which information bytes of digital signals of a block having a predetermined format are read from a multichannel magnetic medium and written by a magnetic tape device on said multichannel magnetic medium, said device coupled to said controller, said controller including processing means, recovery means coupled to said device for assembling said digital signals into said bytes, said recovery means including activity detector means responsive to said signals to generate signals indicative of the rate at which said signals are being received, and indicator storage means coupled to said detector means and to said processing means, said method comprising the steps of:

a. generating output signals by said activity detector means during the monitoring of the reception of said digital signals received by said recovery means from said tape device corresponding to said bytes of said block being read by said tape device from said medium for a predetermined number of time intervals during the execution of an operation by said controller processing means specified by a command received from said data processing unit;

b. storing a plurality of error signal indications in said indicator storage means in response to said output signals from said activity detector means which define the profile characteristics of said block detected during step (a); and

,

c. generating signals by said controller processing means for initiating a retry of said command and re-execution of said operation upon the completion of said operation upon detecting an error condition only when said error signal indications stored in indicator storage means signal that said profile characteristics of said block read during said operation indicate that said device can reliably retry said operation.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said command is a write command coded to specify a write operation and wherein said method further includes the steps of:

d. generating signals by said controller processing means to said device to perform a backspace operation;

e. monitoring by said activity detector means the reception of signals from said tape device representative of the bytes of said block read by said tape device from said medium within a predetermined number of intervals during the execution of said backspace operation by said device;

f. storing by said processing means a plurality of signal indications in said indicator storage means in response to said signals received by said activity detector means which define the profile characteristics of said block detected during step (e); and

,

g. generating signals by said processing means for continuing said retry of said operation by initiating re-execution of said write command only when said signal indications stored in said indicator storage means indicate that said write command can be reliably executed by said device.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein one of said predetermined number of intervals occurring during said backspace operation is modified in a predetermined manner during the monitoring of said signals in step (e).

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said command is a read command coded to specify a read operation and wherein said method further includes the steps of:

h. said controller processing means generating signals to said device to perform a space operation in a direction opposite to that specified by said read command;

i. generating output signals by said activity detector means during the monitoring of the reception of signals from said tape device representative of the bytes of said block being read from said medium by said device within a different predetermined number of intervals during the execution of said space operation;

j. storing a plurality of signal indications in said indicator storage means in response to said signals received from said activity detector means which define said profile characteristics of said block being read from said medium within said different predetermined number of intervals during step (i); and

,

k. generating signals by said processing means for continuing said retry of said operation by initiating re-execution of said read command only when said signal indications stored in said indicator storage means signal that said read command can be reliably executed by said device.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said method further includes the steps of:

grouping different ones of said error signal indications stored in said indicator storage means into at least first and second categories; and

,

inhibiting initiating of said retry of said command when said processing means detects the presence of said stored signal indications of a first one of said categories.

6. The method according to claim 3 wherein said predetermined manner of modifying said one of predetermined number of intervals results in generating signals to said tape device during said backspace operation for causing said device to space on said medium for a distance greater than that corresponding to a maximum amount of damage which said signal indications stored in step (f) can occur in said profile characteristics of said block without inhibiting the retry of said operation.

7. The method according to claim 3 wherein said tape device includes recording and playback heads and wherein predetermined ones of said time intervals have a predetermined relationship to the distance between said recording and playback heads.

8. The method according to claim 5 wherein said command is coded to specify a write operation wherein said predetermined number of time intervals consist of an initial gap interval, a beginning of block window interval, an end of block interval and a drop-off window interval, said controller processing means being operative to monitor said output signals from said activity detector means for detection of noise during said initial gap interval beginning at the start of said block signaled by said device during said beginning of block window interval, the continuity of said profile characteristics during said end of block interval and detection of discontinuance of said output signals indicating a drop-out of said block during said drop-off window interval.

9. The method according to claim 8 wherein said first category of stored signal indications define a no block condition, a multiple block condition and a noise in initial gap condition, said controller processing means being operative to signal said no block condition of said signals from the end of said initial gap interval to the beginning of said drop-off window interval, said multiple block detected condition upon detection of a predetermined number of said signals being received in succession followed by a discontinuance of receiving said signals for a predetermined period of time during said beginning of block window interval and said signal noise in initial gap condition upon detecting receipt of less than said predetermined number of said signals during said initial gap interval.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein storage of any one of said signal indications in said first category inhibits said controller processing means from performing said step (c) of generating signals for initiating said retry of said command.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein said predetermined number of said signals being received in succession corresponds to five consecutive bytes which defines detection of said block.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein said second category of stored signal indications define a late block condition, a short block condition, a long block condition and a noise condition, said controller processing means being operative to signal said late block condition from said output signals upon detecting that said predetermined number of said digital signals have been received after the beginning of said block window interval, signal said short block condition from said output signals upon detecting that said predetermined number of said digital signals had been received during said beginning of block window interval and then detected discontinuance of said output signals prior to said drop-off window interval, signal said long block condition from said output signals upon detecting that said predetermined number of said digital signals have been received during said beginning of block window interval and that said digital signals continued to the end of said drop-off window interval and signal said noise condition from said output signals upon detecting less than said predetermined number of said digital signals in other than during said initial gap interval.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein storage of different ones of said signal indications in said second category does not inhibit said controller processing means from performing said step (c) of generating signals for initiating said retry of said command.

14. The method according to claim 13 wherein said controller processing means performs said step (c) of generating said signals when said signal indications signal that none of the conditions in said first category are present and that any one of the conditions or all of the conditions are present in said second category.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said tape device includes recording and playback heads and said initial gap interval corresponds to the interval equal to the minimum distance from said recording head to said playback head of said tape device, said beginning of block window interval coresponds to a distance defining the maximum amount of allowable damage which said block can have, said end of block interval corresponds to distance equal to said initial gap interval distance and said drop-off window interval corresponds to a distance equal to said beginning of block window interval distance.

16. The method of claim 2 wherein said method further includes the steps of:

grouping different ones of said stored signal indications into at least first and second categories; and

inhibiting re-execution of said write command when said stored signal indications of a predetermined one of said categories are present.

17. The method of claim 2 wherein said different predetermined number of time intervals consists of an initial gap interval and a final gap interval, said controller processing means being operative to monitor said output signals for detection of noise during said initial gap interval beginning upon receiving an up to speed indication from said tape device in addition to ending at the start of said block and the detection of noise during said final gap interval beginning at the end of said block and ending a predetermined distance following said end of block.

18. The method according to claim 16 wherein said first and second categories of stored signal indications define a noise before block condition, a noise after block condition and a multiple block condition, said controller processing means being operative to signal said noise before block condition upon detecting less than a predetermined number of said signals being received in succession during said initial gap interval, signal said noise after block condition upon detecting less than a predetermined number of said signals being received in succession during said final gap interval and signal said multiple block condition upon detecting a predetermined number of said signals being received following the end of said initial gap interval and during said final gap interval.

19. The method according to claim 18 wherein storage of any one of said signal indications in said first category inhibits said controller processing means from performing step (g) of initiating re-execution of said write command.

20. The method according to claim 18 wherein storage of any one of said signal indications in said second category does not inhibit said controller processing means from performing said step (g) of initiating re-execution of said write command.

21. A method for retrying commands executed by a peripheral controller received from a data processing unit involving any one of a plurality of storage devices coupled to said controller, each of said storage devices having a storage medium on which blocks of digital signals are recorded, said commands being retried in response to error conditions occurring during input/output operations specified by said commands in which digital signals of a block are read from said storage medium or written on the storage medium of a selected one of said plurality of storage devices, said controller including processing means, data recovery means coupled to said plurality of said devices and storage means coupled to said recovery means and to said processing means, said method comprising the steps of:

a. reading from said storage medium, information bytes of said block during the execution of an input/output operation by a selected one of said devices specified by one of said commands received from said unit;

b. transferring signals representative of said bytes by said one device to said controller recovery means;

c. storing by said processing means a plurality of signal indications in said storage means in response to said signals received by said recovery means denoting the profile characteristics of said block being read from said medium during said execution of said operation by said device;

d. grouping by said processing means different ones of said signal indications in said storage means into to at least first and second categories of conditions; and

,

e. initiating the start of a retry of said input/output operation by said processing means upon completing execution of said operation only upon detecting that none of the indications in said first category has been stored in said storage means signaling that said operation can be retried reliably by said device.

22. The method according to claim 21 wherein said one of said commands is coded to specify a write operation and wherein said method further comprises the steps of:

f. generating signals by said processing means to said device to perform a backspace operation;

g. monitoring the reception of digital signals by said data recovery means from said device representative of the bytes of said block written in response to said one of said commands being read by said storage device from said medium within a different predetermined number of intervals during the execution of said backspace operation by said device;

h. storing by said processing means a plurality of signal indications in said storage means in response to said signals received by said recovery means which define the profile characteristics of said block detected during step (g); and

,

i. generating signals by said processing means for continuing the retry of said operation by initiating re-execution of said write command only when said signal indications in said storage means indicate that said write command can be reliably executed by said device.

23. The method according to claim 21 wherein one of said commands is coded to specify a read operation and wherein said method further includes the steps of:

j. generating signals by said processing means to perform a space operation in a direction opposite to that specified by said read command;

k. monitoring the reception of signals by said recovery means representative of the bytes of said block previously read in response to said one of said commands being read by said storage device from said medium within a different predetermined number of intervals during the execution of said space operation;

l. storing by said processing means a plurality of signal indications in said storage means in response to said signals received by said recovery means which define said profile characteristics of said block being read from said medium within said different predetermined number of intervals during step (k); and

,

m. generating signals by said processing means for continuing retry of said operation by initiating re-execution of said read command only when signal indications stored in said storage means by said controller indicate that said read command can be reliably executed by said storage device.

24. A data processing system including an input/output processing unit including storage for a plurality of channel command entries (CCE'"'"'s), each entry including a plurality of control bytes, one of said bytes corresponding to a command byte coded to specify an operation to be performed, a microprogrammed peripheral controller coupled to said input/output processing unit and responsive to command control bytes from said processing unit to perform input/output operations involving a selected one of a plurality of storage devices coupled to said peripheral controller, said controller comprising:

an addressable control store for storing microprograms including a plurality of microinstructions used for transferring bytes of a block between said input/output unit and a selected one of said devices in response to one of said command control bytes;

decoder means coupled to said control store for generating control signals in response to decoding microinstructions read out from said control store;

data transfer means operatively coupled to receive signals from said selected one of said devices during the execution of said operation to be performed specified by one of said command bytes, said data transfer means including activity detector means coupled to receive said signals and operative to generate output signals indicative of the rate at which said signals are being received; and

,

signal indicator storage means coupled to said detector storage means and to said decoder means, said signal indicator storage means being conditioned by signals from said decoder means during a predetermined number of time intervals occurring during execution of said operation to store a plurality of signal indications which define the profile characteristics of said block being read from said device as signaled by said activity detector means output signals; and

,

said controller including means operative upon detecting an error to address said control store for read out of microinstructions for generating signals to initiate retry of said command by said device only when said signal indications stored in said indicator storage means representative of said profile block characteristics signal said controller that retry of said command can be executed reliably.

25. The system of claim 24 wherein said plurality of channel command entries form a channel program and wherein said controller further includes storage means for storing a count indicating the number of times said controller can retry commands of said channel program, said controller means in response to errors being operative to address said control store for read out microinstructions for conditioning said decoder means to generate signals for sensing whether said count has been exhausted thereby inhibiting retry of said command.

26. The system of claim 24 wherein said one of said command bytes is coded to specify a write operation and each of said plurality of said storage devices is a magnetic tape device connected for reading and writing respectively bytes of digital signals of blocks from and on a magnetic type medium, said controller means being operative to address said control store for read out of a number of microinstructions, said decoder means in response to said number of microinstructions generating signals to cause said selected device to perform a backspace operation across said magnetic tape medium and said control store including means for receiving a control signal from said device signaling the beginning of execution of said backspace operation, said controller means being conditioned by said control signal to address said control store for read out of sequences of microinstructions during a predetermined number of time intervals of said operation, said decoder means in response to said sequences generating signals for causing said signal indicator storage means to store a plurality of signal indications which define said profile characteristics of said block written in response to said one of said command control bytes being read by said device during said backspace operation as signaled by said detector output signals, and said controller means being operative upon detecting an error condition to address said control store for read out of another sequence of microinstructions, said decoder means being conditioned by said another sequence to generate signals for initiating re-execution of said write command only when said stored indications signal said controller that said command can be re-executed reliably by said magnetic tape device.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein said controller further includes a first register coupled to said control store for receiving different predetermined counts for defining different ones of said predetermined intervals and said decoder means being operative to generate signals for loading said first register with a predetermined count for defining a last one of said predetermined intervals to have a duration sufficient in length to space across a maximum amount of damage which said stored signal indications can define as occurring within said block without inhibiting said controller from re-executing said write command.

28. The system of claim 24 wherein said controller further includes:

a counter coupled to said control store, said counter being operative to receive initally an index count read out from said control store;

clocking circuits for applying clock pulse signals to said counter for decrementing said counter to a predetermined count for generating timing signals defining intervals for transferring said bytes between said controller and said selected one of said devices; and

,

a first register coupled to said control store, said register being operative to receive different counts read out from said control store for defining different ones of said predetermined number of time intervals, said decoder means being operative to generate signals for sampling said detector output signals and for decrementing the count contents of said first register to a predetermined count in response to said timing signals for establishing the end and duration of each of said predetermined number of time intervals.

29. The system of claim 24 wherein said command is coded to specify a read operation, said controller means being operative to address said control store for read out of a number of microinstructions, said decoder means in response to said number of microinstructions generating signals for conditioning said device to perform an operation for spacing across said storage medium and said control store including input means for receiving a control signal from said selected device signaling the beginning of execution of said space operation, said controller means being conditioned by said control signal to address said control store for read out of further sequences of microinstructions, during a predetermined number of time intervals of said operations, said decoder means in response to said further sequences of microinstructions generating signals for conditioning said signal indicator storage means to store a plurality of signal indications defining said profile characteristics of said block first read in response to said one of said command control bytes being read during said space operation as signaled by said detector output signals;

and,

said controller means being operative upon detecting an error condition to address said control store for read out of other microinstructions, said decoder means in response to said other microinstructions generating signals for initiating re-execution of said read command by said device only when said stored indications signal said controller that said command can be re-executed reliably by said device.

30. The system of claim 26 wherein said stored signal indications are grouped into first and second categories of conditions, said first category of stored signal indications coded to define a no block condition, a multiple block condition and a noise initial gap condition, said controller means being conditioned by said detector output signals to signal said no block condition upon detecting the occurrence of an absence of said signals from the end of said initial gap interval to the beginning of said drop-off window interval, to signal said multiple block detected condition upon detecting a predetermined number of said digital signals being received in succession followed by a discontinuance of receiving said digital signals for a predetermined period of time during said beginning of block window interval and to signal said signal noise in initial gap condition upon detecting receipt of less than said predetermined number of said digital signals during said initial gap interval.

31. The system of claim 26 wherein said storage devices are magnetic tape devices, each having read and write heads and wherein predetermined ones of said time intervals have a predetermined relationship to a time interval of delay between said read and write heads.

32. The system of claim 30 wherein storage of any one of said signal indications in said first category of conditions causes said controller to inhibit generating said signals for initiating said retry of said command.

33. The system of claim 30 wherein said second category of stored signal indications define a late block condition, a short block condition, a long block condition and a noise condition, said controller means being conditioned by said detector output signals to signal said late block condition upon detecting that said predetermined number of said signals have been received after said being of block window interval, signal said short block condition upon detecting that said predetermined number of said signals have been received during said beginning of block window interval and followed by discontinuance of said signals prior to said drop off window interval, signal said long block condition upon detecting that said predetermined number of said signals have been received during said beginning of block window interval and that said signals continued to the end of said drop off window interval and signal said noise condition upon detecting less than said predetermined number of said signals other than during said initial gap interval.

34. The system of claim 29 wherein the duration and said predetermined number of said time intervals of said read operation and said sapce operation are the same.

35. A peripheral controller coupled to a data processing system and to a plurality of magnetic tape devices connected to read and write frames of digital signals arranged in blocks on a number of channels of a magnetic medium, each block having a predetermined format, said controller including processing means, an addressable control store for storing microprograms used to perform read and write operations in response to commands received from said processing system, decoder circuits coupled to said control store for generating control signals in response to decoding microinstructions read out from said control store, a data recovery unit for assembling into bytes digital signals transferred by a selected device, said recovery unit having an input coupled to receive said digital signals from said selected device and an output coupled to said processing means and including a plurality of error indicator storage circuits operative to store signals indicative of error conditions occurring during the assembling of said digital signals into bytes and activity detector means coupled to said input and operative to generate signals indicative of the rate at which said digital signals are being received, said controller further including retry apparatus comprising:

signal indicator storage means coupled to said activity detector means and to said processing means;

said control store further including a plurality of microinstructions of a retry routine and a plurality of predetermined sequences of microinstructions included in said microprograms for monitoring signals generated by said activity detector means;

said decoder circuits being operative during the execution of said operation to generate signals in response to read out of said predetermined sequences of microinstructions for conditioning said signal indicator storage means during a predetermined number of time intervals during execution of an operation to store signal indications which define a profile of said block being transferred in accordance with said signals generated by said activity detector means; and

,

said controller processing means upon detecting an error condition stored by said error indicator storage circuits to address said control store for read out said microinstructions of said retry routine to initiate retry of said command only when said signal indications stored by said indicator storage means representative of said profile signals indicate to said controller processing means that said selected device can retry said command reliably.

36. The controller of claim 35 wherein said one command is coded to specify a write operation and said controller processing means is operative to address said control store for read out of a sequence of microinstructions, said decoder means in response to said sequence of generating signals to cause said selected device to perform a backspace operation across said magnetic tape medium and said control store including input means for receiving a control signal from said device signaling the beginning of execution of said backspace operation, said processing means being conditioned by said control signal to address said control store for read out of sequences of microinstructions during a predetermined number of time intervals of said operation, said decoder means in response to said sequences generating signals for causing said signal indicator storage means to store a plurality of signal indications which define said profile of said block being read by said device during said backspace operation as signaled by said detector output signals;

and said controller processing means being operative upon detecting an error condition to address said control store for read out of another sequence of microinstructions of said retry routine, said decoder means in response to said another sequence generating signals for initiating re-execution of said write command only when said stored indications signal said processing means that said command can be re-executed reliably by said device.

37. The controller of claim 35 wherein said command is coded to specify a read operation, said controller processing means being operative to address said control store for read out of microinstructions, said decoder means in response to said microinstructions generating signals for conditioning said device to perform a space operation across said tape medium and said control store including input means for receiving a control signal from said selected device signaling the beginning of execution of said space operation, said processing means being conditioned by said control signal to address said control store for read out of further sequences of microinstructions during a predetermined number of time intervals of said operation, said decoder means in response to said further sequences generating signals for having said signal indicator storage means store a plurality of signal indications which define said profile of said block being read during said space operation as signaled by said detector output signals;

and said controller processing means being operative upon detecting an error condition to address said control store for read out of said microinstructions of said retry routine, said decoder means in response to said microinstructions generating signals for initiating re-execution of said read command only when said stored indications signal said processing means that said command can be re-executed reliably by said device.

38. The controller of claim 35 wherein said controller further includes:

a counter coupled to said control store, said counter being operative to receive initially an index count read out from said control store;

clocking circuits for applying clock pulse signals to said counter for decrementing said counter to a predetermined count for generating timing signals defining intervals for transferring said bytes between said controller and said selected one of said devices; and

a first register coupled to said control store, said register being operative to receive different counts read out from said control store for defining different ones of said predetermined number of time intervals, said decoder means being operative to generate signals for sampling said detector output signals and for decrementing the count contents of said first register to a predetermined count in response to said timing signals for establishing the end and duration of each of said predetermined number of time intervals.

39. The controller of claim 36 wherein said activity detector means includes:

zone detector means coupled to said input and operative to generate output signals in response to receiving said signals from a predetermined group of said number of channels for establishing a first criterion; and

,

block detector means coupled to said input and operative to generate output signals in response to receiving said signals from a different group of said number of channels for establishing a second criterion;

said controller processing means being operative during the retry of a command coded to specify a write operation to store said signal indications in accordance with said output signals from said zone detection means during execution of said write operation and to store indications in accordance with said output signals from said block detector means during said backspace operation thereby utilizing said first and second criteria for those parts of a write retry operation subject to different variations.