Light reflective opti-mechanical displacement microindicator

• US 3,987,668 A
• Filed: 11/17/1975
• Issued: 10/26/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Charles H. Popenoe
• Original Assignee: Charles H. Popenoe
• Inventors: Popenoe, Charles H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Myracle, Jerry W.
• Application Number:
  US05/632,838
• Time in Patent Office: 344 Days
• Field of Search: 73/88 F, 116/114 R, 116/DIG. 34, 116/124 R, 350/96 R
• US Class Current: 116/212
• CPC Class Codes: F16B 31/025 with a gauge pin in a longitudinal bore in the body of the bolt
• CPC Class Codes: F16B 31/028 with a load-indicating washer or washer assembly
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 1/24 by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
• CPC Class Codes: G01L 5/243 using washers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 116/34 Tension indicating

Abstract

An indicator for optically indicating small displacements or changes in displacement of one member relative to another member, comprising a light transmitting member having a faceted light reflective under surface, and an opaque, light absorbing member disposed beneath the light transmitting member, whereby when the two members are separated by a thin film of air, incident light transmitted through the transmitting member is totally internally reflected at the under surface displaying a bright appearance to an observer. When the two members are forced into intimate contact by a displacement to be indicated, the incident light is absorbed by the second member and a dark appearance is presented to an observer. The light absorbing member'"'"'s upper surface may be a negative replica of the under surface of the transmitting member in which case an abrupt change in transmitted light is observable upon a displacement, or the absorbing member may have a flat upper surface formed of an elastomeric material so that there is a gradually increasing area of contact between the two members and a more gradual change in appearance from bright to dark.

Claims

1. A displacement indicator comprising a light transmitting member having two opposite surfaces and a light absorbing member disposed at one surface of said light transmitting member, said one surface of said light transmitting member having a faceted light reflective configuration, said light transmitting member and said light absorbing member being moveable relative to each other between two end positions, in one end position said light reflective surface of said light transmitting member is in intimate contact with the adjacent surface of said light absorbing member whereby incident light passing through said light transmitting member is absorbed by said light absorbing member and in the other end position said members are spaced from each other producing an air gap between said reflective surface and said adjacent surface of said light absorbing member whereby incident light is internally reflected at said reflective surface and passes out of said light transmitting member.

2. An indicator according to claim 1, wherein said light reflective configuration is comprised of internally reflecting microprisms.

3. An indicator according to claim 2, in which said internally reflecting microprisms are corner-cube retroreflectors.

4. An indicator according to claim 1, wherein said adjacent surface of said light absorbing member is a negative replica of said reflective surface of said light transmitting member.

5. An indicator according to claim 1, wherein said light absorbing member is comprised of a soft, dark material.

6. An indicator according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the light transmitting member and the light absorbing member is composed of a flexible sheet material.

7. An indicator according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitting member and the light absorbing member are sealed together at their free edges.

8. An indicator according to claim 1, further comprising indicia on said adjacent surface of said light absorbing member, said indicia being visible through said light transmitting member when said members are in the end position in which said members are in intimate contact.

9. An indicator according to claim 1, further comprising means for attaching said light transmitting member to a first point and means for attaching said light absorbing member to a second point, so as to indicate a relative displacement occurring between said first and second points.

10. An indicator according to claim 1, further comprising a strainable member responsive to an applied stress load, means for attaching said light transmitting member to a first portion of said strainable member, and means for attaching said light absorbing member to a second portion of said strainable member, there being a relative displacement between said first and second portions of said strainable member upon application of a stress load thereto.

11. An indicator according to claim 10, wherein said strainable member is the shank portion of a tensile fastener.

12. An indicator according to claim 11, wherein said first portion of said strainable member is in the vicinity of the end remote from the head end, and said second portion is in the vicinity of the head end of the fastener, said means for attaching said light absorbing member to said first portion comprises a plurality of elongated members disposed outside of and substantially parallel to the shank portion of said tensile fastener, one end of said elongated member being attached to said first portion and the other end being attached to said light transmitting member.

13. An indicator according to claim 10, wherein said strainable member is a spring washer.