Integral analytical element
First Claim
1. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, and a reagent layer permeable to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance.
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Abstract
An integral analytical element capable of use in the analysis of liquids, the element having at least two superposed layers including a spreading layer and a reagent layer, in fluid contact. Optionally, the element can be carried on a support material. The spreading layer, which can be an isotropically porous layer, spreads within itself at least a component of a liquid sample applied to the element, or a reaction product of such component, to obtain a uniform concentration of at least one such spread substance at the surface of the spreading layer which faces the reagent layer. The reagent layer, which is desirably uniformly permeable to at least one dissolved or dispersed component of the liquid sample or a reaction product of such a component, can include a matrix in which is distributed a material that can interact with, for example, an analyte or analyte reaction product to produce a detectable change in the element, such as one detectable by measurement of electromagnetic radiation. In a preferred embodiment, the interactive material can chemically react with an analyte or analyte reaction product to produce a color change in the element. In another preferred embodiment, the sample spreading layer can filter out chemically interfering or other undesirable materials and obtain selective spreading of sample components and/or it can provide a reflective background, often useful in obtaining analytical results.
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Citations
55 Claims
- 1. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, and a reagent layer permeable to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance.
- 7. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support having thereon, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, and a reagent layer permeable to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance, the reagent layer being interposed in the element between the support and the isotropically porous layer.
- 12. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support having thereon, in fluid contact, a water-resistant, isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, and a reagent layer permeable to substance that is dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous liquid and is spreadable within the spreading layer, said substance comprising a component of the liquid or a reaction product of such a component, the reagent layer being interposed in the element between the support and the isotropically porous layer.
- 24. An integral element for the analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support that transmits electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in the region between about 200 nm and 900 nm, said support having thereon, in fluid contact, a water-resistant, isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a blush polymer, and a reagent layer interposed between the isotropically porous layer and the support and comprising a hydrophilic colloid having distributed therein a material interactive with an analyte or a precursor of an analyte or a reaction product of an analyte to effect a detectable change in the element.
- 30. An integral element for the analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support that transmits electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength within the region between about 200 nm and 900 nm, said support having thereon, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a pigment, and a reagent layer of lower permeability than said spreading layer, the reagent layer being interposed between the isotropically porous layer and the support and comprising a hydrophilic colloid having distributed therein a material interactiv with an analyte or a precursor of an analyte or a reaction product of an analyte to effect a detectable change in the element.
- 33. An integral element for the analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support that is transparent to electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength within the region between about 200 nm and 900 nm, the support having thereon, in fluid contact, (a) a water-resistant, isotropically porous layer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of a blush polymer, a pigment, a microcrystalline colloid, resinous beads, glass beads and diatomaceous earth, and (b) a reagent layer of lower permeability than said spreading layer, the reagent layer interposed between the support and the isotropically porous layer and comprising a hydrophilic colloid selected from the group consisting of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and polyacrylamide and having distributed therein a material interactive with an analyte or a precursor of an analyte or a product of an analyte to effect a detectable change in the element.
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39. A method for analysis of liquids comprising
a. applying a liquid sample to an integral element comprising, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, and a reagent layer permeable to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance, to effect a detectable change in the element in the presence of an analyte and b. detecting any such change produced in the element.
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42. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous, isotropically porous material, and a reagent layer permeable to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance.
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43. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support having thereon, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous, isotropically porous material and a reagent layer permeable to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance, the reagent layer being interposed in the element between the support and the isotropically porous layer.
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44. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support having thereon, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, and a reagent layer of substantially uniform permeability to a substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance, the reagent layer being interposed in the element between the support and the isotropically porous layer.
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45. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support having thereon, in fluid contact, a water-resistant, isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous, isotropically porous material, and a reagent layer that is permeable to substance dissolved or dispersed in an aqueous liquid and spreadable within the spreading layer, said substance comprising a component of the liquid or a reaction product of such a component, the reagent layer being interposed in the element between the support and the isotropically porous layer.
- 46. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support that transmits electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength within the region between about 200 nm and about 900 nm, said support having thereon, in fluid contact, non-fibrous layers comprising an isotropically porous spreading layer, and a reagent layer that is permeable to substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance, the reagent layer being interposed in the element between the support and the isotropically porous layer.
- 48. An integral element for the analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support that transmits electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength within the region between about 200 nm and about 900 nm, said support having thereon, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of a blush polymer and particulate matter, and a reagent layer interposed between the isotropically porous layer and the support and comprising a matrix having distributed therein a material interactive with an analyte or a precursor of an analyte or a reaction product of an analyte to effect a detectable change in the element.
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52. An integral element for analysis of liquids, said element comprising a support having thereon, in fluid contact, an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a non-fibrous material, a reflective layer and a reagent layer, the reflective layer and the reagent layer being permeable to substance spreadable within the spreading layer or a reaction product of such a substance, the reagent layer being interposed between the support and the spreading layer and the reflective layer being interposed between the reagent layer and the spreading layer.
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53. A method for analysis of liquids comprising
a. applying a liquid sample to an integral element comprising (i) a support that transmits electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength within the region between about 200 nm and about 900 nm, and in fluid contact on said support, (ii) an isotropically porous spreading layer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of a blush polymer and particulate matter, and (iii) a reagent layer interposed between the isotropically porous layer and the support, to effect a detectable change in the element in the presence of an analyte and b. detecting any such change produced in the element.
Specification