State-of-charge indicator for zinc-mercuric oxide primary cells

• US 3,997,834 A
• Filed: 10/20/1975
• Issued: 12/14/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 10/20/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
• Inventors: Ross, Raymond L., Rothwarf, Frederick, Breslin, James T., Winter, John J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Rolinec, R. V.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tokar, Michael J.
• Application Number:
  US05/623,873
• Time in Patent Office: 421 Days
• Field of Search: 324/29.5, 320/48
• US Class Current: 324/427
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/378 specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/50 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569

Abstract

A method for determining the state-of-charge for zinc mercuric oxide type primary cells. I-V curves of the cells are plotted and the nearly constant slopes of these I-V curves above 75mA are measured graphically. These slopes are used to define effective differential DC resistance values (ΔV/ΔI)_75mA which have a linear relationship to charge expended, Q(A-h), which is graphically produced by plotting (ΔV/ΔI)_75mA versus Q(A-h). This relationship is used as a basis for a state-of-charge indicator to determine the remaining charge to about 12%. One can also subtract the internal resistance of the cell (measured with an a-c bridge technique) from (ΔV/ΔI)_75mA and obtain a new parameter, R_p, which is related to the polarization resistance of the cell. The maximum uncertainty can be reduced to less than 10% if the linear curve is produced by plotting polarization resistance R_p of the cell versus the charge expended Q(A-h). More significantly, the polarization based state-of-charge graph is linear out to 100% of discharge and is applicable to cells discharged at abnormally high current.

Claims

1. The method of determining the state-of-charge of zinc-mercuric oxide type primary cells comprising the steps of

discharging new cells of said type at selected different rates to produce a plurality of discharged new cells of known state-of-charge value,

graphically producing a mean linear curve by plotting the effective differential DC resistance value of each of said discharged new cells versus the said known state-of-charge value,

determining the effective differential DC resistance of a used cell whose state-of-charge is to be determined,

and locating on said mean linear curve the state-of-charge value corresponding to said used cell effective differential DC resistance, said corresponding value indicating the state-of-charge of said used cell.

2. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the method for determining the effective differential DC resistance comprises the steps of

producing respective I-V curves for respective cells, and graphically determining the slope of the linear portion of said I-V curves, said slope (Δ

V/Δ

I) being the effective differential DC resistance.

3. The method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said slope is measured at 75mA to provide effective differential DC resistance (Δ

V/Δ

I) _75mA.

4. The method of determining the state-of-charge of zinc-mercuric oxide type primary cells comprising the steps of

discharging new cells of said type at selected different rates to produce a plurality of discharged new cells of known state-of-charge value,

graphically producing a mean linear curve by plotting the effective polarization resistance value of each of said discharged new cells versus the said known state-of-charge value,

determining the effective polarization resistance of a used cell whose state-of-charge is to be determined, and

locating on said mean linear curve the state-of-charge value corresponding to said used cell effective polarization resistance, said corresponding value indicating the state-of-charge level of said used cell.

5. The method in accordance with claim 4 wherein the method of determining the effective polarization resistance comprises the steps of

determining the effective differential DC resistance of said discharged cells,

determining the internal high frequency AC resistance of said discharged cells, said effective polarization resistance being the difference between said effective differential DC resistance and said internal high frequency AC resistance of said discharged cells.

6. The method in accordance with claim 5 wherein the method for determining the effective differential DC resistance comprises the steps of

producing I-V curves for respective cells, and

graphically determining the slope of the linear portion of said I-V curves, said slope (Δ

V/Δ

I) being the effective differential DC resistance.

7. The method in accordance with claim 6 wherein said slope is measured at 75mA to provide effective differential DC resistance (Δ

V/Δ

I) _75mA.