Subcutaneous arterio-venous shunt with valve
First Claim
1. Subcutaneous arterio-venous valved shunt means for providing blood access in a patient through a hollow needle intermittently inserted through the skin of the patient, said valved shunt means comprising:
- shunt means for shunting blood from an artery to a vein, said shunt means comprising a subcutaneous tubular member having one end adapted to be connected to an artery and another end adapted to be connected to a vein;
subcutaneous outlet means in the tubular member adapted to provide fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the shunt means;
subcutaneous mechanical valve means mounted in the outlet means and having a movable valve member that is movable between an open position, wherein the outlet means is open, and a closed position, wherein the outlet means is blocked, said valve means being adapted to engage and receive the inner end of the hollow needle when it is inserted through the skin, the engagement between the needle and the valve means providing a closed fluid-conducting conduit leading from the interior of the shunt means to the outer end of the hollow needle when the valve means is opened; and
actuation means for opening and closing the mechanical valve means with the shunt means and valve means mounted entirely subcutaneously in the patient and with the inner end of the needle inserted through the skin and in engagement with the valve means, without providing an additional opening through the skin.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A totally subcutaneous arterio-venous valved shunt, wherein no elements of the shunt are exposed supracutaneously, comprises a curved tubular shunt extending between an artery and a vein in a patient, with a pair of valves subcutaneously mounted in outlets in the shunt. The valves open and close fluid passages to the interior of the shunt upon axial movement of valve members. In use, a hollow needle is inserted through the patient'"'"'s skin and mounted in an outlet opening in each valve member. The valve member is moved axially by the needle to open and close the valve and provide access to the blood flowing through the shunt. In a dialysis operation, blood is diverted to flow out of one (arterial) valve, through the dialyzer, and back through another (venous) valve of the subcutaneous shunt into the patient. Alternatively, one valve can be used for both outflow and inflow. On completion of dialysis, the valves are closed and the arterial and venous needles are withdrawn from the patient. When a single valve is used, a single needle suffices for both outflow and inflow.
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Citations
22 Claims
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1. Subcutaneous arterio-venous valved shunt means for providing blood access in a patient through a hollow needle intermittently inserted through the skin of the patient, said valved shunt means comprising:
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shunt means for shunting blood from an artery to a vein, said shunt means comprising a subcutaneous tubular member having one end adapted to be connected to an artery and another end adapted to be connected to a vein; subcutaneous outlet means in the tubular member adapted to provide fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the shunt means; subcutaneous mechanical valve means mounted in the outlet means and having a movable valve member that is movable between an open position, wherein the outlet means is open, and a closed position, wherein the outlet means is blocked, said valve means being adapted to engage and receive the inner end of the hollow needle when it is inserted through the skin, the engagement between the needle and the valve means providing a closed fluid-conducting conduit leading from the interior of the shunt means to the outer end of the hollow needle when the valve means is opened; and actuation means for opening and closing the mechanical valve means with the shunt means and valve means mounted entirely subcutaneously in the patient and with the inner end of the needle inserted through the skin and in engagement with the valve means, without providing an additional opening through the skin. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. Subcataneous arterio-venous valved shunt means for providing blood access in a patient through a hollow needle intermittently inserted through the skin of te patient, said valved shunt means comprising:
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shunt means for shunting blood from an artery to a vein, said shunt means comprising a subcutaneous tubular member having one end adapted to be connected to an artery and another end adapted to be connected to a vein; subcutaneous outlet means in the tubular member adapted to provide fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the shunt means; and subcutaneous mechaical valve means mounted in the outlet means for selectively opening and closing the outlet means, said valve means including; a housing mounted in the outlet means and extending outwardly from the shunt means, said housing having an internal culindrial opening therethrough leading from the interior to the exterior of the shunt means; and a valve member movably mounted in the internal opening in the housing for movement in the housing from an open position, wherein there is fluid communication between the interior and exterior of te shunt means through the opening in the housing, to a closed position, wherein the opening in the housing is blocked, the valve member being cylindrical and being axially movable in the housing between its open and closed positions, the outside surface of the valve member and the inside surface of the internal opening in the housing comprising mating thread means adapted to cause longitudinal movement of the valve member with respect to the housing when the valve member is rotated with respect to the housing. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. Subcutaneous arterio-venous valved shunt means for providing blood access in a patient through a hollow needle intermittently inserted through the skin of the patient, said valved shunt means comprising:
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shunt means for shunting blood from an artery to a vein, said shunt means comprising a subcutaneous tubular member having one end adapted to be connected to an artery and another end adapted to be connected to a vein; subcutaneous outlet means in the tubular member for providing fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the shunt means; and subcutaneous mechanical valve means mounted in the outlet means, said valve means comprising; a tubular housing mounted in the outlet means and extending outwardly therefrom, said housing having an internal opening therethrough leading from the interior to the exterior of the shunt means; a valve member axially movable in the internal opening of the housing for movement from a closed position, wherein the valve member is withdrawn from the interior of the shunt means, to an open position, wherein the valve member protrudes into the interior of the shunt means, the valve member having an opening therethrough that provides fluid communication between the interior and exterior of the shunt means, said opening means having an inlet at an inner end of the valve member adjacent the interior of the shunt means and an outlet in an outer end of the valve member at the exterior of the shunt means, the inlet being formed inside of the valve member such that the inlet is exposed to and in fluid communication with the interior of the shunt means only when the valve member is in its open position and protrudes into the interior of the shunt means, the inlet being withdrawn and not exposed to the interior of the shunt means when the valve member is in its closed position. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. A method for providing blood access in a patient through a hollow needle intermittently inserted through the skin of the patient comprising the following steps:
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connecting a subcutaneous arterio-venous shunt between an artery and a vein in the patient; providing a subcutaneous outlet in the shunt that provides fluid communication between the interior and the exterior of the shunt; mounting a mechanical valve subcutaneously in the outlet of the shunt, the mechanical valve being of the type that has a movable valve member that is movable between an open position, wherein the outlet is open, and a closed position, wherein the outlet is blocked, the valve being formed so as to engage and receive the inner end of the hollow needle in fluid-conducting engagement therewith when the needle is inserted through the skin, the engagement between the needle and valve means providing a closed fluid-conducting conduit leading from the interior of the shunt means to the outer end of the hollow needle when the valve means is open, the valve being such that it is actuable for movement between its open and closed position by manipulation of the needle when the needle is in fluid-conducting engagement with the valve; and inserting the hollow needle through the skin of the patient into fluid conducting engagement with the valve, the needle being formed such that when the needle is in fluid-conducting engagement with the valve, there is a mechanical interconnection between the needle and the valve that makes it possible to open and close the valve by manipulation of the needle.
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Specification