Method and control apparatus for static VAR generator and compensator

• US 3,999,117 A
• Filed: 12/23/1974
• Issued: 12/21/1976
• Est. Priority Date: 12/23/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Paramount Global (f/k/a ViacomCBS Inc.))
• Inventors: Gyugyi, Laszlo, Brennen, Michael B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Pellinen, A. D.
• Application Number:
  US05/535,629
• Time in Patent Office: 729 Days
• Field of Search: 13/12, 13/13, 219/108, 219/110-115, 219/131 R, 321/9, 321/27 R, 321/40, 323/9, 323/24, 323/101, 323/102, 323/106, 323/108-110, 323/119, 323/124, 323/127, 323/128
• US Class Current: 323/211
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/1864 wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/10 Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Abstract

A static VAR generator circuit having a control system adapted to utilize the values of three phase load currents to generate time delayed firing angles for thyristor controlled inductors which are utilized with parallel capacitors to provide unity power factor and balanced electrical currents to the AC source. The time delayed firing angles are calculated from integrating furnace load currents over prescribed intervals during real time to thus maintain balanced load current at specified phase angles, usually zero, in the three phase system.

Claims

1. Apparatus for providing reactive power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising:

b. a reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said reactive power generator providing a compensating current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said compensating current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and

b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said reactive power generator for switching said reactive power generator to thus provide said portion of said compensating current according to the following relationship;

switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over the interval of that positive half cycle of said second alternating voltage preceding the switching of said reactive power generator, and the integration of said first load current over the interval of that positive half cycle of said third alternating voltage preceding the switching of said reactive power generator, said switch delay being measured from a point in time when the next following positive peak of said first alternating voltage occurs, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said frequency is 60 hz.

3. The combination as claimed in claim 2 wherein said phase relationship between said first, second and third terminal voltages is 120°

for each voltage relative to the others.

4. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first, second and third peak magnitudes are generally equal for said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively.

5. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is ground potential.

6. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said common electrical reference for said first, second and third terminal voltages is the common midpoint of a star connected AC generating system.

7. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said predetermined fixed phase relationship between said first terminal voltage relative to said common reference and said first alternating source current is generally zero degrees.

8. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein said reactive power generator comprises a thyristor switched inductor, said switch delay being a delay in the firing angle of said thyristor.

9. The combination as claimed in claim 1 comprising a second reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place on said second conductor and having a second output terminal thereof connected to a place on said third conductor, a third reactive power generator having a first output terminal thereof connected to said place on said third conductor and a second output terminal thereof connected to said place on said first conductor, a third alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said third conductor between said place thereon and said load, said second and said third reactive power generators providing second and third compensating currents of said frequency respectively during second and third switch controlled portions respectively of given half cycles of said second and third alternating voltages respectively, said second and said third compensating currents being vectorially added to said second and said third alternating load currents respectively so that a second and a third alternating source current respectively of said frequency flowing in said second and third conductors respectively between said source and said place where said first output terminal of said second reactive power generator is connected to said second conductor and said place where said first output terminal of said third reactor power generator is connected to said third conductor respectively are each in second and third predetermined fixed phase relationship respectively with said second and third terminal voltages respectively for each half cycle thereof.

10. The combination as claimed in claim 9 wherein said first, second and third predetermined fixed phase relationships between said first, second and third terminal voltages respectively relative to said common reference and said first, second and third alternating source currents respectively are equal.

11. The combination as claimed in claim 10 wherein said latter equal phase relationship is zero.

12. The combination as claimed in claim 10 wherein said first, second and third source currents are balanced because of the compensating currents of said first, second and third reactive power generators respectively.

13. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein currents supplied by said alternating current system to said load are forced to be generally balanced regardless of the status of said load currents.

14. Apparatus for providing power to an alternating current electrical system which includes three electrical conductors, where there is a first alternating voltage of predetermined frequency present between a first and a second of the conductors, a second alternating voltage of said frequency present between the second and a third of said conductors, and a third alternating voltage of said frequency present between the third and the first of said conductors, first, second and third terminal voltages each of which is present respectively between said first, second and third conductors and a common electrical reference point, said electrical system also including a primary source of alternating electrical power connected to the three conductors, said electrical system also including an electrical load connected to the three conductors, the first, second and third terminal voltages having first, second and third peak magnitudes respectively and a given phase relationship relative to each other for a given period of time, comprising:

a. a power generator having a first output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said first conductor between said load and said primary source and having a second output terminal thereof electrically connected to a place on said second conductor between said load and said primary source, a first alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said first conductor between said place thereon and said load, a second alternating load current of said frequency flowing in said second conductor between said place thereon and said load, said power generator providing a current of said frequency at said first output terminal during a switch controlled portion of a given half cycle of said first alternating voltage, said current being vectorially added to said first alternating load current, a first alternating primary source current of said frequency which flows in said first conductor between said primary source and said place where said first output terminal is connected to said first conductor thus being in predetermined fixed phase relationship with said first terminal voltage for a half cycle, said switch controlled portion being related to a calculated switch delay; and

b. calculator and sensor means for sensing values of said load currents and said voltages and calculating said switch delay as a function thereof, said calculator and sensor means being connected to said power generator for switching said power generator to thus provide said portion of said current according to the following relationship;

switch delay being related to the integration of said second load current over the interval of that positive half cycle of said second alternating voltage preceding the switching of said reactive power generator, and the integration of said first load current over the interval of that positive half cycle of said third alternating voltage preceding the switching of said reactive power generator, said switch delay being measured from a point in time when the next following positive peak of said first alternating voltage occurs, all integrations being made with respect to said frequency times time.