Osmotic system having laminar arrangement for programming delivery of active agent
First Claim
1. An osmotic system for dispensing an active agent to an environment of use, said system comprising:
- a. a shaped wall comprising a pair of laminae comprising an exterior lamina consisting of a multiplicity of materials blended to form a lamina that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid and maintains its physical and chemical integrity in the environment of use, and an interior lamina consisting of a multiplicity of materials blended to form a lamina that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid, substantially impermeable to the passage of agent and maintains its physical and chemical integrity in the presence of agent, said wall surrounding, with the interior lamina facing;
b. a compartment containing an active agent that is soluble in the fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid;
c. a compartment in the wall communicating with the compartment and the exterior of the device for dispensing agent from the device; and
d. wherein in operation when the device is in the environment of use, fluid from the environment is continually inbibed through the wall into the compartment in a tendency towards osmotic equilibrium at a rate determined by the permeability of the wall and the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall, thereby continuously dissolving agent which is dispensed at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time.
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Abstract
An osmotic system for delivering an agent is disclosed. The system comprises a wall surrounding a compartment and has a passageway for delivering agent from the compartment. The wall is formed of a laminae comprising a lamina consisting of a multiplicity of materials in laminar arrangement with a lamina consisting of a material or of a multiplicity of materials to provide a laminated wall that is permeable to agents and maintains its integrity during the delivery of agent. The compartment contains an agent that is soluble in an external fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid, or the agent has limited solubility in the fluid and is mixed with an osmotically effective compound soluble in the fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid. In operation, agent is released from the system by fluid being imbibed through the wall into the compartment at a rate controlled by the permeability of the wall and the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall producing a solution containing agent, or a solution of compound containing agent which solution in either operation is released through the passageway at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time.
1362 Citations
63 Claims
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1. An osmotic system for dispensing an active agent to an environment of use, said system comprising:
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a. a shaped wall comprising a pair of laminae comprising an exterior lamina consisting of a multiplicity of materials blended to form a lamina that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid and maintains its physical and chemical integrity in the environment of use, and an interior lamina consisting of a multiplicity of materials blended to form a lamina that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid, substantially impermeable to the passage of agent and maintains its physical and chemical integrity in the presence of agent, said wall surrounding, with the interior lamina facing; b. a compartment containing an active agent that is soluble in the fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid; c. a compartment in the wall communicating with the compartment and the exterior of the device for dispensing agent from the device; and d. wherein in operation when the device is in the environment of use, fluid from the environment is continually inbibed through the wall into the compartment in a tendency towards osmotic equilibrium at a rate determined by the permeability of the wall and the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall, thereby continuously dissolving agent which is dispensed at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. An osmotic system for the continuous dispensing of an active agent to an environment of use comprising:
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a. a shaped wall comprising an interior lamina consisting of at least two materials that form a lamina permeable to the passage of an external fluid, substantially impermeable to the passage of agent and essentially mantains its physical and chemical integrity in the presence of agent, said lamina in laminar arrangement with an exterior lamina formed of a material permeable to the passage of fluid and essentially maintains is physical and chemical integrity in the environment of use, said wall surrounding, with the interior lamina facing; b. a compartment containing the active agent that is soluble in the external fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid; c. a passageway in the wall communicating with the compartment and the exterior of the system for dispensing agent from the system; and
,d. wherein in operation when the system is placed in the environment of use, fluid from the environment is imbibed through the wall into the compartment in a tendency towards osmotic equilibrium at a rate determined by the permeability of the wall and the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall, thereby dissolving agent which is dispersed through the passageway at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. An osmotic system for the continuous dispensing of an active agent to an environment of use comprising:
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a. a shaped wall comprising an interior lamina formed of a semipermeable material that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid, substantially impermeable to the passage of agent and essentially maintains its physical and chemical integrity in the presence of agent, said lamina laminated to an exterior lamina formed of at least two materials with the lamina permeable to the passage of fluid and essentially maintains its physical and chemical integrity in the environment of use, said wall surrounding, with the interior lamina facing; b. a compartment containing an active agent that is soluble in the external fluid and exhibits an osmtoic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid; c. a passageway in the wall communicating with the compartment and the exterior of the system for dispensing agent from the system; and
,d. wherein in operation when the system is placed in the environment of use, fluid from the environment is imbibed through the wall into the compartment in a tendency towards osmotic equilibrium at a rate determined by the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall, thereby dissolving agent which is dispensed through the passageway at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)
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49. An osmotic system for the continuous dispensing of an active agent to an environment of use comprising:
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a. a shaped laminated wall comprising at least two laminae comprising a multiplicity of materials, said laminae forming a laminated wall that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid and substantially impermeable to the passage of agent with the wall surrounding and forming; b. a compartment containing an active agent; c. a passageway in the wall communicating with the compartment and the exterior of the system for dispensing agent from the system; and
,d. wherein the operation, when the system is placed in the environment of use, fluid from the environment is continuously imbibed through the laminated wall, having a total thickness ht, into the compartment in a tendency towards osmotic equilibrium at a rate proportional to the fluid transmission rate (kπ
)t of the laminated wall which rate is governed by the following equation;
##EQU5## wherein h1, h2 and hn are the thickness of the individual lamina, and (kπ
)1, (kπ
)2 and (kπ
)n are the fluid transmission rates for the respective laminae, said imbibed fluid continuously dissolving agent which is dispensed from the system at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time. - View Dependent Claims (50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55)
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56. An osmotic system for the continuous dispensing of an active agent to an environment of use comprising:
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a. a shaped laminated wall comprising at least two laminae comprising one lamina made of a multiplicity of materials and one lamina made of a semipermeable material, said laminae forming a laminated wall that is permeable to the passage of an external fluid and substantially impermeable to the passage of agent with the wall surrounding and forming; b. a compartment containing an active agent; c. a passageway through the wall communicating with the compartment and the exterior of the system for dispensing agent from the system; and d. wherein in operation when the system is placed in the environment of use, fluid from the environment is continuously imbided through the laminated wall, having a total thickness ht, into the compartment in a tendency towards osmotic equilibrium at a rate proportional to the fluid transmission rate (kπ
)t of the laminated wall which rate is governed by the following equation;
##EQU6## wherein h1, h2 and h n are the thickness of the individual lamina, and (kπ
)1, (kπ
)2 and (kπ
)n are the fluid transmission rates for the respective laminae, said imbibed fluid continuously dissolving agent that is dispensed from the system at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time. - View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63)
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Specification