No-break AC power supply

• US 4,010,381 A
• Filed: 04/24/1975
• Issued: 03/01/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/24/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Scuderi, Rudolph, Fickenscher, Hermann
• Primary Examiner(s): Hohauser, Herman J.
• Application Number:
  US05/571,092
• Time in Patent Office: 677 Days
• Field of Search: 307/66, 307/64, 307/51, 307/80, 307/52, 321/4
• US Class Current: 307/66
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/062 for AC powered loads

Abstract

An uninterruptable power supply supplies a regulated output by utilizing a ferroresonant transformer. Two independent inputs are connected to the transformer; one input is connected to a commercial AC line signal source, the other input is connected to a battery energized static inverter circuit. The AC line source normally supplies the output power. A phase control system monitors the phase of the regulated output signal and constrains the static inverter to run in phase with the output. The phase and magnitude of the AC line signal are monitored. If the magnitude of the AC line drops significantly, the static inverter is constrained to operate in phase with the AC line signal wherein the inverter and AC line both share to contribute power to the output load. If the AC line signal fails, the static inverter operates independently and supplies all of the output power to the load.

Claims

1. An uninterruptible power supply comprising a power transformer including a first primary winding, a second primary winding, and a secondary winding,

signal sensing means coupled to said first primary winding and responsive to detect a signal amplitude below a desired normal amplitude threshold,

generating means to generate a periodic power signal and being coupled to said second primary winding,

power flow control means to selectively control power transfer from said first and second primary windings to said secondary winding including

first phase detection means to monitor a signal phase of said secondary winding,

phase control means coupled to said first phase detection means and to said generating means and normally operative to align the phase of said periodic signal with said signal phase of said secondary winding,

second phase detection means to monitor a signal phase of said first primary winding,

said phase control means coupled to said second phase detection means and to said signal sensing means and operative in response to a signal amplitude below a desired normal amplitude detected by said signal sensing means to align the phase of said periodic signal with a signal of said first primary winding.

2. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 1 wherein said first phase detection means comprises a phase detector winding coupled to said power transformer and said phase control means comprises a switching type signal transmission arrangement normally connected to transmit a signal on said phase detection winding to said generating means to control the phase therein.

3. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 2 wherein said switching type signal transmission arrangement is responsive to said signal sensing means upon the occurrence of a signal amplitude below a desired normal amplitude threshold to couple a signal of said second phase detection means to said generating means to control the phase therein to coincide with a phase of a signal monitored by said second phase detection means.

4. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 1 and further including second signal sensing means to detect a signal failure at said first primary winding, said phase control means operative in response to said second signal sensing means to disconnect from said generating means whereby said generating means runs freely without phase control.

5. An uninterruptible power supply as defined in claim 4 and further including gating means responsive to said second signal sensing means to disable power flow into said first primary winding from said secondary winding.

6. A no-break reserve energy system comprising, signal processing means including first and second input means and output means, isolation means to minimize circulating currents between said first and second input means, first sensing means to detect a first signal magnitude threshold at said first input, second sensing means to detect a second signal magnitude threshold at said first input less than said first signal magnitude threshold, third sensing means to monitor a signal phase at said first input means, fourth sensing means to monitor a signal phase at said output means, phase control means to control the signal phase at said second input to coincide with the signal phase detected by one of said third and fourth sensing means, control selection means responsive to said first and second sensing means to selectively couple said third and fourth sensing means to said phase control means when signals at said first input are between said first and second signal magnitude threshold and when said signals exceed said first threshold, respectively.

7. A no-break reserve energy system as defined in claim 6 including, inverter means coupled to said second input means, said phase control means including a source of periodic signals coupled to drive said inverter means, said source of periodic signals including phase adjustment means, said control selection means including switching path means responsive to said first and second sensing means to selectively couple said third and fourth sensing means to said phase adjustment means.

8. A no-break reserve energy system as defined in claim 7 wherein, said source of periodic signals includes operational amplifier means, and said phase adjustment means includes a voltage divider including two equal impedances connected in series and connected to couple the output and the noninverting input of said operational amplifier means, a junction of said two equal impedances being coupled to the output of said switching path means.

9. A no-break reserve energy system as defined in claim 6 wherein said signal processing means includes a transformer and said isolation means includes high reluctance shunts between said first and second input means.

10. A no-break reserve energy system as defined in claim 6 wherein said first sensing means further includes, means to detect a signal failure at said first input means, and means responsive to said means to detect a signal failure to disable said control selection means wherein the signal phase at said second input becomes uncontrolled.

11. A no-break reserve energy reserve system as defined in claim 10 further including, signal gating means connected to said first input means, said signal gating means being opened in response to said means to detect a signal failure.

12. An uninterruptable power supply comprising, a ferroresonant transformer having a regulated output, first and second inputs connected to said transformer, said first input adapted to accept a commercial AC line signal, said second input adapted to accept a DC voltage energized static inverter circuit, phase control means including line signal phase detection means to detect the phase of said AC signal, signal magnitude monitoring means to monitor the magnitude of said AC signal, and output signal phase detection means to detect the phase of said regulated output, said phase control means constraining said static inverter to run in phase with said regulated output in response to said signal monitoring means if the magnitude of the AC signal is normal, wherein the AC signal supplies the output power and said phase control means constraining said static inverter to operate in phase with the AC line signal with the magnitude of the AC signal at a lower than normal value wherein the static inverter and AC line both share to contribute to said regulated output.

13. An uninterruptable power supply as defined in claim 12 wherein said signal monitoring means includes first magnitude sensing means to detect normal and failed conditions of the AC signal and second magnitude sensing means to detect signal values between said normal and failed condition of the AC signal, a source of periodic signals to drive said inverter means including phase adjustment means, switching path means to couple said line signal and output signal phase detecting means to said phase adjustment means, said switching path means responsive to said first and second magnitude sensing means wherein the output signal phase detection means is coupled to said phase adjustment means at a normal AC signal magnitude, the line signal phase detection means is coupled to said phase adjustment means at a lower than normal AC signal magnitude, and said line signal and output signal phase detection means is disconnected from said phase adjustment means at a failed AC signal magnitude.

14. An uninterruptable power supply as defined in claim 13, including gating means connected to said first input and responsive to said first magnitude sensing means to disconnect said AC line signal from said first input at a failed AC signal magnitude.

15. An uninterruptable power supply as defined in claim 13 wherein, said output signal phase detection means is coupled by a first and second impedance to a first and second parallel path in said switching means, said first impedance being substantially greater than said second impedance, and means responsive to said second magnitude sensing means to disable said second path wherein the output impedance of the output signal phase detection means is increased, and means responsive to said second magnitude sensing means to couple the output of said line signal phase detection means to the input of said output signal phase detection means to constrain it to operate in phase with said line signal phase detection means.

16. An uninterruptable power supply comprising, first means to accept an AC primary source of energy, second means to accept a DC reserve source of energy, output means, signal processing means to couple said first and second means to accept to said output means, said means to couple including means to isolate said first and second means to accept from each other, inverter means to generate an AC signal coupled to interconnect said second means to accept to said signal processing means, said inverter means being responsive to derive AC signals from a DC reserve source of energy, magnitude monitoring means to monitor the magnitude of an AC signal applied to said first means to accept for a normal level, a brownout level, and a failed level, first phase detection means to detect the phase of a signal at said output means, second phase detection means to detect the phase of a signal at said first means to accept, means responsive to said magnitude monitoring means to constrain said inverter means to operate in phase with a signal phase detected by said first phase detection means at a normal level, and operate in phase with a signal detected by said second phase detection means at a brownout level, and to operate independently of said first and second phase detection means at a failed level.

17. An uninterruptable power supply as defined in claim 16 wherein, said signal processing means comprises a ferroresonant transformer including first and second primary windings coupled to said first and second means to accept, respectively, said output means comprising a secondary winding, said first primary winding, said secondary winding, and said second primary winding being wound on a common core in that order, and said means to isolate comprising first and second high reluctance shunts positioned between said first primary winding and said secondary winding and between said second primary winding and said secondary winding, respectively.

18. An uninterruptable power supply as defined in claim 16 wherein, said means to constrain said inverter means includes signal generating means to generate a periodic signal including phase adjustment means, said means to constrain comprising switching path means to selectively couple and decouple said first and second phase detection means to said phase adjustment means, said switching path means being responsive to said magnitude monitoring means.

19. An uninterruptable power supply as defined in claim 18 wherein, said signal generating means comprises an operational amplifier means, and said phase adjustment means includes first and second impedances connected in series and coupling an output of said operational amplifier means to one of its inputs, said first and second phase detection means being coupled via said switching path means to a junction of said first and second impedances.

20. A no-break uninterruptable power supply system comprising, a transformer including a saturating core, first and second primary windings, a secondary winding, a ferroresonant winding and a phase monitoring winding, controlled gating means connected to said first primary winding, means to accept an AC signal source connected to said gating means, an inverter circuit connected to said second primary winding, means to accept a DC signal source connected to said inverter circuit, first phase detection means coupled to said phase monitoring winding, second phase detection means coupled to said means to accept an AC signal, signal magnitude monitoring means connected to said means to accept an AC signal responsive to a normal, brownout, and failed magnitude of said AC signal, oscillating means having a phase adjustment circuit and connected to drive said inverter circuit, means to selectively couple said first and second phase detection means to said phase adjustment circuit, said means to selectively couple being responsive to said signal magnitude monitoring means to couple said first phase detection means to said phase adjustment circuit at a normal magnitude of said AC signal and couple said second phase detection means to said phase adjusment circuit at a brownout magnitude of said AC signal.

21. A no-break uninterruptable power supply system as defined in claim 20 wherein, said transformer includes first high reluctance shunts between said first primary winding and said secondary winding, and second high reluctance shunts between said second primary winding and said secondary winding.

22. A no-break uninterruptable power supply system as defined in claim 21 wherein, said transformer includes a bias voltage supply winding, rectifier means to derive a DC signal from said bias voltage supply winding, a voltage regulator coupled to said means to accept a DC source, linear regulator means to derive bias signals coupled to said rectifier means and said voltage regulator, and means responsive to a signal magnitude at an output of said rectifier means to selectively render said voltage regulator active or inactive depending upon said signal magnitude at an output of said rectifier means.

23. A no-break uninterruptable power supply system as defined in claim 20 further including, inhibit means to inhibit the operation of said inverter circuit, low voltage detection means coupled to said means to accept a DC signal source and adapted to detect a voltage drop below a reliable operating threshold, said inhibit means responsive to said low voltage detection means to inhibit inverter operation at DC voltage below said reliable threshold.

24. A no-break uninterruptable power supply system as defined in claim 20 wherein, said controlled gating means comprise first and second switching devices connected in an inverse parallel fashion, and means coupled to said means to accept an AC signal and responsive to an AC signal thereon to generate triggering signals to activate said first and second switching devices.