Aperture module for use in particle testing apparatus

• US 4,014,611 A
• Filed: 04/30/1975
• Issued: 03/29/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Coulter Electronics, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Coulter Electronics, Inc.
• Inventors: Simpson, Ronald O., Godin, Thomas J.
• Primary Examiner(s): McGraw, Vincent P.
• Application Number:
  US05/573,265
• Time in Patent Office: 699 Days
• Field of Search: 324/71 CP, 73/432 PS, 356/102, 356/72
• US Class Current: 356/72
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/12 by observing changes in resistance or impedance across apertures when traversed by individual particles, e.g. by using the Coulter principle
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/134 Devices using two or more apertures
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/1019 Associating Coulter-counter and optical flow cytometer [OFC]

Abstract

An aperture module for obtaining signals from microscopic particles suspended in a fluid which passes through a scanning aperture. A module housing including an aperture holder is mounted on a vessel or bath containing a body of the particulate liquid suspension to be tested. The aperture holder with aperture formed therein extends into the vessel to permit passage of the suspension through the aperture to an outlet chamber or passageway immediately behind the aperture. An inlet chamber or passageway in the module is connected to a source of clean electrolyte and in fluid communication with the outlet passageway. The outlet passageway is connected to a waste collecting container. A vacuum is applied to the collecting container to cause the clean electrolyte to be drawn through the inlet passageway and wash behind the aperture simultaneously with passage of the suspension through the aperture. A restriction in the path of flow of the clean electrolyte immediately behind the aperture causes the flow velocity thereof to increase behind the aperture and ensure that the zone behind the aperture continuously is washed or swept and that particles which have been tested or sensed are carried away from the aperture so that proper signals from the particles in the suspension are obtained.

In a modified form of the aperture module a nozzle member is positioned between the bath and the aperture to form a sheath flow of electrolyte surrounding the particulate suspension to carry the suspension directly into and through the aperture into the passageway behind the aperture.

Claims

1. An aperture module for use in particle testing apparatus including a container of particulate liquid suspension to be tested, said module comprising, a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber, an aperture holder formed of optically clear material disposed in the second chamber and having an aperture provided therein, the aperture holder having a closed end and the closed end forming a wall in the second chamber, the aperture holder extending into the container with the aperture in communication on one side thereof with the liquid suspension, a passageway in the module connecting the chambers and passing through the aperture holder, the aperture being in communication on the side opposite said one side with the passageway, a first electrode in the container and a second electrode in the first chamber to establish an electrical field in the aperture between the container and the aperture module, there being a zone in the passageway proximate to the aperture in which spurious signals may normally be produced, means for connecting the passageway at an entrance thereof to a source of particle free liquid and means for connecting the pssageway at an exit thereof to fluid moving means to move the particle free liquid through the passageway and simultaneously move the suspension from the container through the aperture into the spurious signal producing zone, means including electrical leads connected to said electrodes and adapted to extend connections to a detector to respond to electrical measuring signals produced across said electrodes with passage of particles through said aperture, the aperture holder having a projection formed on the closed end of the aperture holder and extending into the passageway to form a restriction therein proximate the aperture to cause the flow velocity of the particle free liquid to increase in the spurious signal producing zone and continuously wash the zone simultaneously with passage of the suspension through the aperture such that particles which have passed through the aperture immediately are swept out of the spurious signal producing zone by the particle free liquid and moved to the exit of the passageway, and an objective lens assembly positioned in the second chamber adjacent said well formed by the closed end of the aperture holder on the side thereof opposite that having said projection for visually examining the aperture during movement of the suspension therethrough.

2. An aperture module as claimed in claim 1 in which the second chamber has a generally rectangular socket portion as an extension thereof and the aperture holder is disposed in the socket.

3. An aperture module as claimed in claim 1 in which the container is a bath having a side all with at least one circular boss forming an opening to the interior of the bath and the apertue holder has an extending part for telescopic mating engagement in the boss.

4. An aperture module as claimed in claim 3 in which an O-ring is positioned around the extending part and the holder is frictionally retained in the boss by the O-ring.

5. An aperture module as claimed in claim 3 in which the extending part of the aperture holder has a cylindrical cavity, an aperture dish retained in the cavity and the aperture being formed in the dish.

6. An apertue module as claimed in claim 1 in which the aperture holer is of generally cube-shaped configuration and has an imperforate wall blocking the second chamber. 7. An aperture module as claimed in claim 1

7. in which the passageway entrance opens to the first chamber. 8. An aperture module as claimed in claim 1 in which the module is formed of

8. optically clear plastic. 9. An aperture module as claimed in claim 1 in which the aperture holer is removably retained within the second chamber.

13. at either end thereof to the pockets. 14. An aperture module as claimed in claim 1 including a nozzle having a protruding portion, the nozzle being disposed between the container and the aperture with the protruding

9. 0. An aperture module as claimed in claim 9 in which the holder is of generally cube-shaped configuration and has annular pockets on opposite sides thereof, a respective O-ring positioned within each pocket to engage

10. opposite inner facing surfaces of the second chamber. 11. An aperture module as claimed in claim 10 including means to engage at least one O-ring and compress the same to maintain the holder within the second

12. are a threaded fitting engaged against aid one O-ring. 13. An aperture module as claimed in claim 10 in which the passageway in the holder opens

11. chamber. 12. An aperture module as claimed in claim 11 in which said means

14. portion terminating proximate the aperture. 15. An aperture module as claimed in claim 14 in which the module includes a further passageway for supplying particle free liquid around the entrance of the aperture to pass

15. therethrough with the liquid suspension. 16. An aperture module as claimed in claim 15 in which the liquid passing through the last named passageway forms a generally tubular sheath flow around the nozzle to surround the suspension and carry the same directly into the aperture.