Nuclear medicine system for imaging radiation

• US 4,015,592 A
• Filed: 06/12/1975
• Issued: 04/05/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Patrick Ralph Bradley-Moore
• Original Assignee: Patrick Ralph Bradley-Moore
• Inventors: Bradley-Moore, Patrick Ralph
• Primary Examiner(s): Michell, Robert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cohen, Lee S.
• Application Number:
  US05/586,170
• Time in Patent Office: 663 Days
• Field of Search: 128/2 A, 128/2 R, 128/2 V, 128/2.05 Z, 128/4-8, 250/303, 250/363 S
• US Class Current: 600/431
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 1/00165 with light-conductive means, e.g. fibre optics A61B1/07 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 1/042 characterised by a proximal camera, e.g. a CCD camera
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4057 by using radiation sources located in the interior of the body A61B6/037 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/425 using detectors specially adapted to be used in the interior of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4258 for detecting non x-ray radiation, e.g. gamma radiation A61B6/037 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4423 related to hygiene or sterilisation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 8/12 in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters catheters per se A61M25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/161 Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting apparatus for radiation diagnosis A61B6/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/1641 Static instruments for imaging the distribution of radioactivity in one or two dimensions using one or several scintillating elements; Radio-isotope cameras

Abstract

Disclosed is a system for forming a two-dimensional nuclear radiation image at a location inside an animal body and for transmitting a representation of the two-dimensional image to a location outside the body. In examining an animal body in accordance with the invention, a selected portion of the body is caused to form a nuclear radiation pattern, as by the ingestion or injection of a substance which gives out gamma radiation or by irradiation from an external source. The front end of an invented device is introduced into the body, as by way of a body cavity, to form a two-dimensional image of this nuclear radiation pattern. The middle part of the invented device transmits a representation of this two-dimensional image to the back end of the device, which is at a location outside the animal body which is being examined, where this representation forms an image of the selected animal body portion that can be viewed, recorded or otherwise utilized. The invented technique is used on a number of different devices, suitable for forming images under different conditions.

Claims

1. A nuclear medicine device for forming a nuclear radiation image at a location inside an animal body and for transmitting a representation of said image to a location outside the body comprising:

a front end comprising means for forming, at a location inside an animal body, a two-dimensional image of a selected nuclear radiation pattern; and

a middle part comprising means interfacing with the front end to receive therefrom a two-dimensional representation of the nuclear radiation pattern image formed therein and adapted to extend to a location outside the body to transmit the received two-dimensional representation thereto.

2. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 1 wherein:

said means for forming a two-dimensional image comprise means including a collimator for collimating the nuclear radiation pattern and means including a crystal detector for converting the collimated nuclear radiation pattern to a two-dimensional optical image; and

said middle part comprises means for receiving said two-dimensional optical image from the converting means and for transmitting the received optical image to said location outside the body.

3. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 2 wherein the means for receiving and transmitting said optical image comprise a fiber optic bundle interfacing with the converting means to receive the optical image therefrom and transmitting said optical image to the location outside the body.

4. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 1 wherein the means for forming a two-dimensional image comprise a flexible tubular cover having an inflatable cavity, means for selectively inflating the cavity with a material which is substantially opaque to the imaged nuclear radiation, a plurality of inflatable bags which are located substantially inside the cavity and which, when inflated, extend across the inflatable cavity parallel to each other, and means for inflating the bags with a material which is transparent to the imaged nuclear radiation pattern, to form thereby a collimator by inflating the cavity and the bags at a location inside the body, and radiation detector means disposed in the tubular cover to form a two-dimensional image of the nuclear radiation pattern traversing the collimator.

5. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 1 wherein the front end further comprises means for forming an auxiliary radiation pattern detectable at a location outside the body.

6. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 5 wherein the means for forming said auxiliary radiation pattern include means for forming an auxiliary pattern of a selected shape.

7. A nuclear medicine device for forming nuclear radiation images at locations inside an animal body and for transmitting representations of said images to locations outside the body, comprising:

a front end comprising first means for forming, at a location inside the body, a first two-dimensional image of a selected nuclear radiation pattern and a second means for forming, at a location inside the body, a second two-dimensional image of a selected nuclear radiation pattern; and

a first middle part and a second middle part having means for interfacing respectively with the first means for forming an image and the second means for forming an image to receive the respective formed images and adapted to extend to respective locations outside the body to transmit the received images thereto.

8. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 7 wherein each of said first and second means for forming a two-dimensional image comprise means including a collimator for collimating a nuclear radiation pattern and means including a crystal detector for converting the collimated nuclear radiation pattern to a two-dimensional optical image.

9. A nuclear medicine device as in claim 7 wherein the front end comprises means for selectively orienting the first and second means for forming a two-dimensional image at a selected solid angle with respect to each other.

10. An apparatus for forming an external image of areas of interest defined by tissue-penetrating ionizing radiation inside an animal body, said apparatus comprising in combination:

a. detector means for forming a substantially continuous two-dimensional potential image by the detection of said radiation, said detector means formed and sized to be introducible into said animal body;

means for introducing the detector means into said animal body;

c. means for attenuation of said radiation prior to the detection thereof by the detecting means to reduce the radiation incident on the detecting means except from selected directions;

d. means for passage of the information content of a selected two-dimensional representation of said potential image to a location outside said animal body; and

e. means for changing said information content of the selected two-dimensional representation of the potential image into an interpretable form.

11. An apparatus as in claim 10 in which said introducible detector means has associated therewith means for identification of the locality of the detector means inside the body.

12. An apparatus as in claim 10 where said means for passage of the information content includes means for increasing the intensity of the information content of said potential image.

13. An apparatus as in claim 10 wherein said detector means include means responsive to other than said ionizing radiation for obtaining information from a region inside said animal body accessible to said detector means, and including means for passage of the last recited information to a location outside said animal body and for utilizing said last recited information.

14. An apparatus as in claim 10 wherein said detector means includes means for providing a therapeutic treatment to a region inside said animal body accessible to said detector means.

15. An apparatus as in claim 10 wherein said detector means and said means for attenuation each include means for alteration of the geometry thereof.

16. An apparatus as in claim 10 in which said detector means comprises semiconductor material;

said means for passage is comprised of means for conduction of electricity; and

said means for changing said information content accepts said information content in an electrical form.

17. An apparatus as in claim 14 in which said detector means is comprised a selected one of scintillator material and semiconductor material;

said passage means comprises fiber-optic means; and

said means for changing said information content accepts said information content in an optical form.

18. A nuclear medicine method of examining a selected portion of an animal body comprising the steps of:

causing said selected portion of the body to form a nuclear radiation pattern;

introducing into the animal body a device for detecting nuclear radiation and forming by said device, at a location inside the body, a two-dimensional image of said nuclear radiation pattern; and

transmitting a two-dimensional representation of said image formed of the two-dimensional nuclear radiation pattern to a location outside the body.

19. A nuclear medicine method as in claim 18 wherein the image forming step comprises collimating the nuclear radiation pattern and converting the collimated pattern to a corresponding two-dimensional optical image at said location inside the body, and said transmitting step comprises transmitting said optical image to the location outside the body.

20. A nuclear medicine method of examining a selected portion of an animal body comprising the steps of:

causing said selected portion of the body to form a nuclear radiation pattern;

introducing into the body a device for detecting nuclear radiation and forming by said device, at a location inside the body, a first two-dimensional image of the nuclear radiation pattern and a second two-dimensional image of the nuclear radiation pattern, said first image and said second image being at individually selected viewing angles with respect to the imaged nuclear radiation pattern; and

transmitting a two-dimensional representation of each of said images formed of said two-dimensional nuclear radiation patterns to selected locations outside the body.

21. The method of externally completing the formation of an image of areas of interest located inside a structure comprising an animal body comprising the following steps:

a. defining areas of interest using tissue-penetrating ionizing radiation in said animal body;

b. introducing into said animal body a detector of said radiation;

c. attenuating said radiation prior to detection by use of an attenuator of said radiation to reduce incident radiation except from selected directions;

d. detecting said radiation so as to form a substantially continuous two-dimensional potential image in said detector;

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e. passing the information content of a selected two-dimensional representation of said potential image outside said animal body; and

f. changing said information content into an interpretable two-dimensional image.