Electronic notebook for use in data gathering, formatting and transmitting system

• US 4,016,542 A
• Filed: 04/23/1974
• Issued: 04/05/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Azurdata, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Azurdata, Inc.
• Inventors: Azure, Leo L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nusbaum, Mark E.
• Application Number:
  US05/463,400
• Time in Patent Office: 1,078 Days
• Field of Search: 340/172.5, 340/173 R, 340/173 RC, 340/174 A, 340/174.1 P, 340/174.1 R, 340/347 AD, 340/347 DA, 340/324, 445/1
• US Class Current: 345/160
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0232 Manual direct entries, e.g. key to main memory

Abstract

A data gathering and transmitting system includes a portable data gathering device having a keyboard and an input/output connector, each operable for entering data into, and for providing access to data previously entered into, a random access memory. Data as entered is displayed simultaneously; data in memory may be selectively accessed for display by addressed locations and in various automatic scan modes. The portable device thus operates as a true electronic notebook. An interface-formatter located at a remote terminal communicates with a computer, and provides for read-out of data from the portable data gathering device and automatic conversion and formatting of the data to a form suitable for direct transmission to the computer, and for print-out of a hard copy of the data. Where a hard copy print-out is not required, a read-out unit may simply transmit the data without formatting to a distant central receiver suitably programmed to receive and interpret the data transmission. Data may also be transmitted from a computer or distant central transmitter to the interface-formatter for entering data into the memory of the electronic notebook via the input-output connector. Thus, data can be loaded into the electronic notebook from a remote computer, the data can be displayed for reference, and field changes and additions can be made to the data. The massaged data can then be transmitted back to the computer.

Claims

1. A self-contained, hand-held portable data collection device for receiving and storing character data for subsequent read-out and transmission of the character data in a desired format to a utilization means, comprising:

entry means for supplying coded signal representations of character data and controls, the character data coded signals to be stored in said device at addresses determined in accordance with control coded signals associated with the character data coded signals,

A random access memory having plural character data storage positions arranged in plural lines, each line including plural said storage positions,

means for addressing the memory in accordance with the control coded signals for entry and storage of the character data coded signals in an addressed position,

display means for visually displaying characters represented by character data coded signals,

output connection means,

said addressing means including means for selectively addressing said memory for reading out character data coded signals stored in positions of said memory and for selectively supplying said signals read out from said memory to said display means for display thereof, and to said output connection means to be available for transmission thereof to a utilization means, and

electrical energy storing means integral with said self-contained hand-held portable data collection device for supplying electrical energy to the aforesaid means for operation of the said device, said electrical energy storing means comprising;

first and second energy storing cells, and means connecting said first and second energy storing cells normally to enable said first cell to supply electrical energy as aforesaid and to permit depletion of substantially all electrical energy stored in said first cell prior to depletion of the electrical energy stored in said second cell, said connecting means being responsive to depletion of the electrical energy stored in said first cell below a predetermined level, automatically to enable said second cell to supply energy to at least said memory means for maintaining storage of said coded signals theretofore entered and stored therein.

2. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein said entry means comprises a keyboard having plural character select keys and plural control select keys, said character select keys being individually and selectively actuable for producing respectively corresponding character data coded signals and said control select keys including keys individually and selectively actuable for producing respectively corresponding control coded signals for selectively addressing said memory.

3. A data collection device as recited in claim 1 wherein said entry means comprises means for receiving externally supplied data and associated control coded signals, and

said addressing means is responsive to the externally supplied control coded signals and said externally supplied data coded signals for addressing said random access memory in accordance with said external, coded control signals and for entering and storing said externally supplied data coded signals in corresponding positions of said memory in accordance with said addressing thereof.

4. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein:

said memory includes means for continuously recirculating the contents of the storage positions of each line thereof, and

said selective supplying means supplies the character coded signals from at least selected ones of the storage positions of the line of said memory addressed by said selective addressing means, during said recirculation thereof, for display by said display means.

5. A device as recited in claim 4 wherein said addressing means includes means for accumulating a count corresponding to the line of a currently addressed position of the memory.

6. A device as recited in claim 5 wherein said display is responsive to the count of said accumulating means for displaying the number of the line currently addressed in accordance with that accumulated count.

7. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein there is further provided:

means defining a desired number of fields in each said line, each field comprising a pre-selected number of storage positions defined in accordance with predetermined start and end addresses out of the plurality of addressable storage positions of a line,

said entry means includes means for supplying line shift control signals to effect, selectively, forward and backward shifting through successive lines of the memory and field shift control signals for shifting to successive fields of a given line of the memory, thereby to select a line and field of the memory for data entry and read-out,

said addressing means being responsive to said line and field shift signals for correspondingly advancing to and addressing the selected line and field of the memory, and

said display means includes individual display elements corresponding to the storage positions of a field for displaying characters in accordance with the coded character signals stored in the positions of a selected, addressed field and line of said memory.

8. A device as recited in claim 7 wherein said addressing means further includes means for maintaining an indentification of a selected field, and said addressing means is responsive to each successive line shift control signal to advance to the corresponding field as identified by said field identification maintaining means in each such successive line.

9. A device as recited in claim 8 wherein said addressing means further includes means for producing and storing a cursor identifying a currently addressed position of a given line, and is responsive to each successive line shift control signal to advance to a successive line and address the corresponding position thereof as identified by the stored cursor of said cursor storing means.

10. A device as recited in claim 9 wherein said display means further includes means associated with each character display position to provide a visual cursor indication and means for selectively energizing said cursor indication means in accordance with the position of said stored cursor to identify the currently addressed position in memory.

11. A device as recited in claim 9 wherein said addressing means includes means responsive to each field shift control signal to select the start position for that field as the initial addressed position for the field, said storing means storing the cursor to identify the said initial address position as the currently addressed position.

12. A device as recited in claim 11 wherein said cursor producing means is responsive to each successively entered character data signal to advance the cursor to the next successive position of the selected field.

13. A device as recited in claim 9 wherein said entry means includes means for supplying cursor forward and backward shift control signals, and said cursor producing means is responsive to said cursor shift control signals to shift the stored cursor position selectively forward and backward, respectively, through the data positions of a selected field.

14. A device as recited in claim 13 wherein said cursor producing means is responsive to the predetermined start and end addresses of a selected field to inhibit shifting of the cursor position beyond the said start and end addresses for a given field.

15. A device as recited in claim 7 wherein said entry means includes means for selectively supplying forward and backward line shift control signals for shifting through successive lines of said memory, and

said addressing means responds to said line shift control signals correspondingly to address the thus identified line of memory and a field preselected therein.

16. A device as recited in claim 15 wherein means for supplying line shift control signals comprises a manually actuable control key and means responsive to actuation thereof for less than a predetermined time, to produce a single line shift control signal, said addressing means responding thereto to shift to and address a corresponding, successive line of memory, said actuation responsive means further being operable upon actuation of said control key in excess of said predetermined period of time to produce a continuing succession of line shift control signals, and said addressing means responding to each of said continuing succession of line shift control signals, correspondingly to shift to and address successive lines of said memory.

17. A device as recited in claim 7 wherein said means for supplying field shift signals includes a manually actuable control key and means responsive to actuation thereof for less than a predetermined period of time to produce a single field shift control signal, said addressing means responding thereto to address the successive field of a given line, and responsive to actuation thereof in excess of said predetermined period of time to produce a continuing succession of field shift control signals, and said addressing means responds to said continuing succession of field shift control signals correspondingly to shift to and address each field in succession for all fields of all lines in memory.

18. A device as recited in claim 17 wherein said addressing means includes means for accumulating a count corresponding to the number of successive field shift control signals and logic means responsive to successive, single such field shift control signals for advancing and recycling said count accumulating means thereby to cyclically address in succession the fields of a currently addressed line and alternately responsive to said continuing succession of field shift control signals for correspondingly advancing said count accumulating means and producing for each maximum count thereof a line shift control signal for shifting to a successive line thereby to address in succession each field of each line.

19. A device as recited in claim 17 wherein there are provided a first predetermined number of fields normally available in each line and an additional, second predetermined number of fields optionally available in each line and wherein there are further provided manually actuable means for rendering the said additional, second predetermined number of fields available during data entry operations.

20. A device as recited in claim 19 wherein, during read-out of said memory, each of said first and second predetermined number of fields is automatically rendered available in succession for successive field shift control signals during addressing of a given line of memory.

21. A device as recited in claim 7 wherein there is further provided a visual display indicator to indicate a currently selected and displayed field of the plural fields of a line.

22. A device as recited in claim 7 wherein said field defining means comprises a programmed read only memory.

23. A device as recited in claim 7 wherein said addressing means includes means for accumulating a count corresponding to successive fields shift control signals for deriving from said field defining means the start and end addresses of a currently selected field, as identified by the said count.

24. A device as recited in claim 23 wherein said count accumulating means remains at an accumulated count for successive line shift signals, thereby to continue to select the corresponding field for each of successively selected lines.

25. A device as recited in claim 23 wherein said addressing means further includes logic means responsive to a predetermined number of field shift signals to recycle said count accumulating means.

26. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein said entry means includes a keyboard having plural character data keys and plural control keys, one of said control keys comprising a clearing control key operable to enter a clear code as a character data code in an addressed position in memory.

27. A device as recited in claim 26 wherein there is further provided means responsive to initial turn-on of power to said device automatically to produce said clear code for a predetermined time interval following said power turn-on, and

said addressing means is operable during said predetermined time interval following power turn-on to address each successive position of each line in succession in memory thereby to enter the clearing code in each addressable position of memory.

28. A device as recited in claim 1 for use with a read-out means to which said device is connected for reading out the data from said memory of said device for supply of the read-out data to the utilization means and wherein said device further includes:

means operable when said device is connected to said read-out means to produce a connect signal for placing said device in a read-out and data transmit mode of operation,

said entry means including means for supplying a line shift control signal, and

said addressing means is operable in said transmit mode of said device, in response to a line shift control signal, to address and read out each memory storage position in succession of each line, for all such lines in succession of said memory.

29. A device as recited in claim 28 wherein said addressing means further includes means for recognizing the completion of addressing of the last storage position in a given line and the advance to the first storage position of a successive line to temporarily halt the addressing of said first position of said successive line and to transmit an end of line code to said read-out means.

30. A device as recited in claim 29 wherein said read-out means, following receipt of each character data signal from said device, transmits a FETCH pulse to said device to request a further character data signal to be read out from the next successive storage position in said memory and wherein:

said addressing means responds to each such successive FETCH pulse to transmit the character data signal of the next successively addressed position in memory.

31. A device as recited in claim 30 wherein there are further provided:

means for automatically entering a clear code into each data storage position in memory prior to entry of character data, and wherein

said read-out means responds to receipt of the clear code for each position of an entire line of memory thereby to terminate the transmission of further FETCH pulses to said device.

32. A device as recited in claim 30 wherein:

said entry means includes means for entering a header symbol control signal in an addressed line of memory thereby to identify successive line of character data stored in memory as a related block of data and,

said read-out means responds to receipt of the header symbol as read out and transmitted thereto by said device to terminate temporarily the further transmission of FETCH pulses to said device.

33. A device as recited in claim 32, further comprising:

means for re-initiating read-out and transmission of character data from said memory following said temporary termination, thereby to provide for read-out and transmission to, and receipt by said read-out means of the character data of each block thereof stored in said memory, in individual succession as to each of a plurality of such blocks stored in memory.

34. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 29 wherein said read-out means responds to each end of line code received from said device to generate an end of line sequence.

35. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 28 wherein said read-out means further comprises

formatting means for responding to the character data read from each position in memory to convert the said data into a serial bit stream including coding and control bits for transmission to said further utilization means.

36. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 28 wherein said read-out means further includes means for receiving and transmitting to said device fixed character data and related control signals, and said addressing means of said device is responsive thereto to address the line and positions of memory in accordance with the received control signals for entry of the fixed character data into the corresponding, said addressed positions of memory.

37. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 28 wherein said read-out means further comprises formatting means for establishing a format of the data read from said memory of said device corresponding to the format of the data as entered into said device by said entry means thereby to control said utilization means to reproduce the transmitted character data in the format by which said character data was entered.

38. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 37 wherein said utilization means comprises a printer responsive to the output signals of said read-out means for printing a hard copy of the character data read out from said memory of said device in accordance with the format of that data as entered into memory.

68. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein said electrical energy storing means further comprises means for detecting the depletion of electrical energy in said first cell below said predetermined level to provide an indication of such depletion.

69. A device as recited in claim 68 wherein said detecting and indicating means comprises means for producing a pulsating electrical output to provide a pulsating electrical energy depletion indication.

70. A device as recited in claim 69 wherein said detecting and indicating means comprises:

means for producing a pulsating electrical output, and

means for supplying said pulsating electrical output to said display means to provide a pulsating visual display as said electrical energy depletion indication.

71. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein:

said connecting means connects said first cell and said second cell to permit charging of said second cell by said first cell while normally enabling said first cell to supply electrical energy, and to prevent charging of said first cell by said second cell upon enabling said second cell to supply electrical energy at least to said memory.

72. A device as recited in claim 1 wherein:

said first cell is replaceable, and

said connecting means enables said second cell to supply energy to at least said memory means for maintaining storage of said coded signals entered and stored therein during removal of said first cell.

39. A self-contained, hand-held portable data collection device for receiving and storing character data for subsequent read-out and transmission of the character data in a desired format to a utilization means, comprising:

a keyboard having a plurality of selectively actuatable character data and control keys,

means responsive to key actuation to produce corresponding character data and control coded signals,

a random access memory having plural character data storage positions arranged in plural lines, each line including plural said storage positions,

first means for storing an indication of each position of a line of memory, as addressed,

means responsive to each character data signal produced by key actuation to advance the addressed position indication of said storing means to a successive position,

said keyboard including selectively actuatable forward and backward line shift keys and said key actuation responsive means responding to actuation thereof to produce corresponding forward and backward line shift control signals,

second means for storing an indication of each line address of memory, and responsive to each line shift control signal to shift, in corresponding forward and backward directions, the line address indication as stored therein to a successive line,

addressing means responsive to the stored line and position indications of the respective storing means therefor, for addressing the thus identified position and line to render that position available for data storage,

means for entering character data signals corresponding to an actuated key in a currently addressed position of the memory,

display means for displaying a character corresponding to the character signals stored in at least a currently addressed memory position and

electrical energy storing means integral with said self-contained hand-held portable data collection device for supplying electrical energy to the aforesaid means for operation of the said device, said electrical energy storing means comprising;

first and second energy storing cells, and means connecting said first an second energy storing cells normally to enable said first cell to supply electrical energy as aforesaid and to permit depletion of substantially all electrical energy stored in said first cell prior to depletion of the electrical energy stored in said second cell, said connecting means being responsive to depletion of the electrical energy stored in said first cell below a predetermined level, automatically to enable said second cell to supply energy to at least said memory means for maintaining storage of said coded signals theretofore entered and stored therein.

40. A device as recited in claim 39 wherein there is further provided:

means defining a desired number of fields in each said line, each field comprising a pre-selected number of storage positions defined in accordance with predetermined start and end addresses out of the plurality of addressable memory positions of a line,

said keyboard further includes a field shift control key selectively actuable to select a next successive field,

said means responsive to key actuation includes means to produce a field shift control signal in response to each said field shift control key actuation, and there is further provided,

means for storing an indication of a selected field, and said means being responsive to each field shift control signal to correspondingly shift the stored indication of the selected field to a successive such field.

41. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein there is further provided:

means for successively accessing all positions of a selected line of memory in a continuously recirculating cycle,

said display means includes individual display positions corresponding to the maximum number of storage positions of a field, each display position displaying a character in accordance with the coded character signals stored in a position of the memory, and

means responsive to the start and end addresses of a selected field as established by said defining means for supplying the coded character signals from the storage positions of the memory for a selected line and field, as accessed by said accessing means, to said display means for display at corresponding display positions.

42. A device as recited in claim 41 wherein said accessing means and said coded character signal supplying means operate in synchronism.

43. A device as recited in claim 41 wherein the indication of an addressed line stored by said storing means comprises a numerical designation of that line relative to the total lines of memory and wherein:

said display further includes character display positions for displaying a line count equal to the maximum number of lines of said memory, and

said means for supplying coded character signals from the storage positions of a selected line and field, as accessed by said accessing means, further is responsive to, and supplies, the stored numeric indication of a selected line to the line count display positions of said display.

44. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein said means for storing an indication of a stored position address maintains the said stored position address for successive line shift control signals and thus for successively addressed lines, said addressing means thereby addressing and rendering available the corresponding position in each such successive line.

45. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein said display means further includes means associated with each character display position to provide a visual display indicating th stored position address thereby to identify the currently addressed position in memory.

46. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein said addressed position storing means is responsive to each field shift control signal to store the start position for that field, from said defining means, as the currently addressed position.

47. A device as recited in claim 46 wherein said addressed position storing means is responsive to each successively entered character data signal to advance the stored position address the next successive position of the selected field.

48. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein said keyboard includes a selectively actuable key and corresponding responsive means for producing forward and backward addressed position shift control signals, and said addressed position storing means is responsive to said addressed position shift control signals to shift the stored addressed position indication selectively forward and backward, respectively, through the data positions of a selected field.

49. A device as recited in claim 48 wherein said responsive means is controlled by the predetermined start and end addresses of selected field to inhibit shifting of the stored position beyond the said start and end addresses for a given field.

50. A device as recited in claim 39 wherein said line shift key actuation responsive means is responsive to said key actuation for less than a predetermined time, to produce a single line shift control signal, and to said key actuation in excess of said predetermined period of time to produce a continuing succession of line shift control signals.

51. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein said shift key actuation responsive means is responsive to said key actuation for less than a predetermined period of time to produce a single field shift control signal, and is responsive to said key actuation in excess of said predetermined period of time to produce a continuing succession of field shift control signals.

52. A device as recited in claim 51 wherein there is further provided means for accumulating a count corresponding to the number of successive field shift control signals and logic means responsive to successive such field shift control signals for advancing said count accumulating means and for recycling said count accumulating means at the maxmum field number, thereby to address cyclically and in succession the fields of a currently addressed line, and alternately responsive to said continuing succession of field shift control signals for correspondingly advancing said count accumulating means and producing for each maximum field number count thereof a line shift control signal for shifting to a successive line, thereby to address in succession each field of each line.

53. A device as recited in claim 40 wherein there are provided a first predetermined number of fields normally available in each line and an additional, second predetermined number of fields optionally available in each line and wherein there are further provided manually actuable means for rendering the said additional, second predetermined number of fields available during data entry operations.

54. A device as recited in claim 53 wherein, during read-out of said memory, each of said first and second predetermined number of fields is automatically rendered available in succession for successive field shift control signals during addressing of a given line of memory.

55. A device as recited in claim 39 wherein said keyboard includes a clearing control key and means operable in response to actuation thereof to enter a clear code as the character data code in an addressed position in memory.

56. A device as recited in claim 55 wherein there is further provided means responsive to initial turn-on of power of said device automatically to produce said clear code for a predetermined time interval following said power turn-on, and

said addressing means is operable during said predetermined time interval following power turn-on to address each successive position of each line in succession in memory, thereby to enter the clearing code in each addressable position of memory.

57. A device as recited in claim 39 for use with a read-out means to which said device is connected for reading out the data from said memory of said device for supply of the read-out data to the utilization means, and wherein said device further includes:

means operable when said device is connected to said read-out means to produce a connect signal for placing said device in a read-out and data transmit mode of operation, and

said addressing means is operable in said transmit mode of said device, in response to a line shift control signal, to address and read out each memory storage position in succession of each line, for all such lines in succession, of said memory.

58. A device as recited in claim 57 wherein said addressing means further includes means for recognizing the completion of addressing of the last storage position in a given line and the advance to the first storage position of a successive line to temporarily halt the addressing of said first position of said successive line and to transmit an end of line code to said read-out means.

59. A device as recited in claim 58 wherein:

said read-out means, following receipt of each character data signal from said device, transmits a FETCH pulse to said device to request a further character data signal to be read out from the next successive storage position in said memory, and

said addressing means responds to each such successive FETCH pulse to transmit the character data signal of the next successively addressed position in memory.

60. A device as recited in claim 59 wherein there are further provided:

means for automatically entering a clear code into each data storage position in memory prior to entry of character data, and wherein

said read-out means responds to receipt of the clear code for each position of an entire line of memory thereby to terminate the transmission of further FETCH pulses to said device.

61. A device as recited in claim 57 wherein:

said entry means includes means for entering a header symbol control signal in an addressed line of memory thereby to identify successive lines of character data stored in memory as a related block of data, and

said read-out means responds to receipt of the header symbol as read out and transmitted thereto by said device to terminate temporarily the further transmission of FETCH pulses to said device.

62. A device as recited in claim 61, further comprising:

means for re-initiating read-out and transmission of character data from said memory following said temporary termination, thereby to provide for read-out and transmission to, and receipt by, said read-out means of the character data of each block thereof stored in said memory, in individual succession as to each of a plurality of such blocks stored in memory.

63. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 58 wherein said read-out means responds to each end of line code received from said device to generate an end of line sequence.

64. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 57 wherein said read-out means further comprises

formatting means for responding to the character data read from each position in memory to convert the said data into a serial bit stream including coding and control bits for transmission to said further utilization means.

65. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 57 wherein said read-out means further includes means for receiving and transmitting to said device fixed character data and related control signals, and said addressing means of said device is responsive thereto to address the line and positions of memory in accordance with the received character data and related control signals for entry of the fixed character data into the thereby addressed, corresponding positions of the memory.

66. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 57 wherein said read-out means further comprises formatting means for establishing a format of the data read from said memory of said device corresponding to the format of the data as entered into said device by said entry means, thereby to control said utilization means to reproduce the transmitted character data in the format in which said character data was entered.

67. A device for use with read-out means as recited in claim 66 wherein said utilization means comprises a printer responsive to the output signals of said read-out means for printing a hard copy of the character data read out from said memory of said device in accordance with the format of that data as entered into memory.

73. A self-contained, hand-held portable data collection device for receiving and storing character data for subsequent read-out and transmission of the character data in a desired format to a utilization means, comprising:

entry means for supplying coded signal representations of character data and controls, the character data coded signals to be stored in said device at addresses determined in accordance with control coded signals associated with the character data coded signals,

a random access memory having plural character data storage positions arranged in plural lines, each line including plural said storage positions,

means for continuously recirculating the contents of the storage positions of each line of said memory,

means for addressing the memory in accordance with the control coded signals for entry and storage of character data coded signals in addressed positions of said memory,

display means for visually displaying characters represented by character data coded signals,

output connection means,

said addressing means including means for selectively addressing each line of said memory for supplying at least selected ones of the coded signals of corresponding, selected storage positions of the addressed line during said recirculation of the contents of the storage positions of the line, to said display means for display thereby, and to said output connection means to be available for transmission thereof to a utilization means, and

electrical energy storing means integral with said self-contained hand-held portable data collection device for supplying electrical energy to the aforesaid means for operation of the said device,

said addressing means includes counter means for accumulating a count in accordance with an addressed line of said memory, and

said supplying means supplies said count of said count accumulation means along with said at least selected ones of the recirculating coded signals of the addressed line of said memory to said display means for display of the line number in association with the characters defined by the said at least selected ones of the coded signals of that addressed line, and to said output connection means to be available for transmission thereof to a utilization means, thereby to identify the line of the coded signals as displayed and as available for transmission.

74. A device as recited in claim 73 for use with a read-out means to which said device is connected for reading out the data from said memory of said device for supply of the read-out data to the utilization means, and wherein said device further includes:

means operable when said device is connected to said read-out means to produce a connect signal for placing said device in a read-out and data transmit mode of operation, and

said addressing means is operable in said transmit mode of said device, to address and read-out, in succession, the coded signals of the successive memory storage positions of each line, in succession for plural such lines of said memory for supply to said output connection means, and

said read-out means is operable to read out and transmit the count of said count accumulation means in association with the succession of coded signals of the successive storage positions of the line of said memory addressed in accordance with the count of said count accumulation means, for each successive count and the corresponding successive line of said memory.