Electrically conductive transparent laminated window

• US 4,017,661 A
• Filed: 01/19/1976
• Issued: 04/12/1977
• Est. Priority Date: 08/09/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: PPG Industries Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Gillery, Frank H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Weiffenbach, Cameron K.
• Application Number:
  US05/650,400
• Time in Patent Office: 449 Days
• Field of Search: 428/441, 428/430, 428/432, 428/412, 428/413, 428/480, 428/469, 428/472, 428/538, 428/539, 428/918, 428/500
• US Class Current: 428/412
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10005 laminated safety glass or glazing
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10036 comprising two outer glass sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10761 containing vinyl acetal
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/1077 containing polyurethane
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2367/00 Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/36 at least one coating being a metal
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3613 Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/metal/inorganic compound/metal/other
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3644 the metal being silver
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3649 made of metals other than silver
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3652 the coating stack containing at least one sacrificial layer to protect the metal from oxidation
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3655 the multilayer coating containing at least one conducting layer
• CPC Class Codes: C03C 17/3681 the multilayer coating being used in glazing, e.g. windows or windscreens
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 14/083 of refractory metals or yttrium
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 14/18 on other inorganic substrates
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31507 Of polycarbonate
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31511 Of epoxy ether
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31616 Next to polyester [e.g., alkyd]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31645 Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31786 Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/31855 Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Abstract

An optically clear, electrically conductive, transparent coating on a substrate and a method of coating are disclosed. The coating comprises a first transparent layer deposited as TiO_x on the substrate, where x preferably has a value within the range of 1.3 to 1.7, a layer of silver or gold deposited on the first layer, and a third transparent layer deposited as TiO_x on the second layer, where x preferably has a value within the range of 1.3 to 1.7. The coating is deposited under vacuum in a partial pressure of oxygen on a rigid transparent substrate such as glass or a flexible plastic substrate and the resultant coated substrate used in electrically heated windows.

Claims

1. A transparent, colorless article comprising in combination:

a. a transparent substrate,

b. a first transparent layer having a thickness of from 200 to 500 Angstroms affixed to said substrate deposited as TiO_x, where x is a value greater than 1.3 but less than 1.7,

c. a second transparent layer of metal selected from the class consisting of silver and gold having a thickness of from 60 to 250 Angstroms overlying and affixed to said first transparent layer, and having a sheet resistance of less than 10 ohms per square,

d. a third transparent layer having a thickness of from 200 to 500 Angstroms overlying and affixed to said second transparent layer deposited as TiO_x, where x is a value greater than 1.3 but less than 1.7;

said coated article havng a luminous transmittance of at least 80 percent.

2. The article of claim 1 in which the transparent layers are vacuum deposited.

3. The article of claim 1 in which the substrate is a rigid transparent material or a flexible plastic material.

4. The article of claim 3 in which the rigid transparent material is glass.

5. The article of claim 3 in which the flexible plastic material is polyester.

6. A transparent laminated window having a luminous transmittance of about 70 percent or more, comprising in combination:

a. a rigid transparent sheet,

b. a flexible plastic layer having a transparent, clear, electrically conductive coating thereon, said coating comprising;

i. a first transparent layer having a thickness of from 200 to 500 Angstroms on said flexible plastic deposited as TiO_x, where x is a value greater than 1.3 but less than 1.7,

ii. a second transparent layer of metal selected from the class consisting of silver and gold having a thickness of from 60 to 250 Angstroms and a sheet resistance of less than 10 ohms per square on said first layer,

iii. a third transparent layer having a thickness of from 200 to 500 Angstroms on said second layer deposited as TiO_x, where x is a value greater than 1.3 but less than 1.7.

7. The laminated window of claim 6 which is electrically conductive with the coated flexible plastic layer having a sheet resistance of 10 or less ohms per square.

8. The laminated window of claim 6 in which the rigid transparent sheet is selected from the class consisting of acrylic, glass or polycarbonate.

9. The laminated window of claim 6 wherein two layers of glass sandwich the flexible plastic layer.

10. The laminated window of claim 9 in which the flexible plastic layer is polyester, which in turn is sandwiched between two layers of polyvinyl butyral which in turn are sandwiched between two layers of glass.

11. The laminated window of claim 10 in which the polyester has a thickness of from 2 to 8 mils, polyvinyl butyral has a thickness of from 5 to 20 mils, and the glass has a thickness of from 60 to 500 mils.